Yokoyama 2014.

Methods	Randomized controlled study Allocation sequence: not reported Allocation concealment: not reported Blinding: no mention Follow‐up: adequate, withdrawn: n = 18 Dropouts: n = 0 Intention‐to‐treat analysis: no, used per‐protocol analysis Informed consent: described Sample size calculation: performed
Participants	Country: Nagoya, Japan Single center: Nagoya University Hospital, 64 participants were accrued between April 2006 and August 2008. 18 participants were excluded (4 due to local or liver metastasis, 2 due to dislocation of pancreatic tube, 1 due to re‐operation, 11 due to lass than 100ml discharge from pancreatic tube) Non‐replacement of pancreatic duct drainage tube: Age: 63.3 (43 to 85) years; Gender: Male/Female: 15/9 Replacement of pancreatic duct drainage tube: Age: 63.1 (44 to 79) years; Gender: Male/Female: 13/9 Inclusion criteria: Underwent pancreaticoduodenectomies Definition of pancreatic fistula: ISGPF and Classification of surgical complication after pancreatic surgery by DeOliveira 2006 Conflicts of interest: none
Interventions	64 participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups, excluded 18 participants: Non‐replacement of pancreatic juice (n = 24) Replacement of pancreatic juice (n = 22)
Outcomes	The main outcome measures were: Mortality Pancreatic fistula Delayed gastric emptying DeOliveira's score Postoperative length of stay
Notes	All participants underwent PD, but 18 participants were withdrawn from the study before enrollment and randomization. 46 participants who completed the study were analyzed
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	No mention, but "followed the method of a randomized controlled study"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No mention
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No mention
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No mention
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No mention
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Detailed information, and withdrawn: n = 18
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No, according to results
Other bias	Unclear risk	None

CONSORT: Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
 ISGPF: International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula
 PD: pancreaticoduodenectomy
 PJ: pancreaticojejunal