Figure 1.

Butyrate Levels Correlate with Immature B Cells in Patients with Inactive Rheumatoid Arthritis

(A) Representative histograms show stool acetate, propionate, and butyrate levels in healthy controls (HC, n = 20) and RA patients (n = 19) as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.

(B–D) Scatterplots show correlation between stool (B) acetate, (C) propionate, and (D) butyrate levels and CD19⁺CD24^hiCD38^hiB cell frequency in the peripheral blood of RA patients (n = 19).

(E–G) Scatterplots show correlation between stool (E) acetate, (F) propionate, and (G) butyrate levels and IL-10⁺B cell frequency in the peripheral blood of RA patients (n = 19).

Data represent mean ± SE (A, Mann-Whitney test; B–G, Spearmen correlation). See also Figure S1.