Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who experienced COVID-19 infection, individuals under quarantine, and the general public.
| Patients who experienced COVID-19 infection (n = 57) | Individuals under quarantine (n = 50) | General public (n = 98) | F/χ2 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender n (%) | 6.57 | 0.037 | |||
| Male | 29 (50.9) | 27 (54.0) | 34 (34.7)a | ||
| Female | 28 (49.1) | 23 (46.0) | 64 (65.3)a | ||
| Age (years) | 46.9 ± 15.37b | 36.2 ± 10.91 | 29.6 ± 12.69b | 30.80 | <0.001 |
| Educational Level n (%)** | 6.80 | 0.147 | |||
| Junior middle school or less | 17 (30.9) | 13 (26.0) | 41 (41.8) | ||
| Senior middle school | 15 (27.3) | 16 (32.0) | 16 (16.3) | ||
| College or more | 23 (41.8) | 21 (42.0) | 41 (41.8) | ||
| Marital status n (%) | 21.69 | <0.001 | |||
| Single | 8 (14.3) | 14 (28.0) | 49 (50.0) | ||
| Married | 44 (78.6) | 34 (68.0) | 45 (45.9) | ||
| Divorced or other | 5 (7.1) | 2 (4.0) | 4 (4.1) | ||
| Hometown n (%) | 78.39 | <0.001 | |||
| Not Hubei province | 18 (31.6) | 43 (86.0) | 92 (93.9) | ||
| Hubei province | 39 (68.4) | 7 (14.0) | 6 (6.1) | ||
| Prevalence of Depression n (%) | 21 (29.2)c | 6 (9.8) | 61 (34.7) | 8.284 | 0.016 |
| Prevalence of Anxiety n (%) | 15 (20.8) | 5 (10.2) | 43 (19.6) | 3.741 | 0.154 |
| Depression comorbid with Anxiety n (%) | 12 (21.1) | 6 (8) | 22 (22.4) | 4.91 | 0.086 |
| Severity of depressive symptoms n (%) | 20.26 | 0.002 | |||
| None | 21 (36.8) | 35 (70.0) | 49 (50.0) | ||
| Mild | 18 (31.6) | 10 (20.0) | 15 (15.3) | ||
| Moderate | 7 (12.3) | 3 (6.0) | 20 (20.4) | ||
| Severe | 11 (19.3)d | 2 (4.0) | 14 (14.3) | ||
| Severity of anxiety symptoms n (%) | 8.86 | 0.182 | |||
| None | 31 (54.4) | 36 (72.0) | 60 (61.2) | ||
| Mild | 14 (36.8) | 9 (18.0) | 15 (15.3) | ||
| Moderate | 4 (26.7) | 4 (8.0) * | 7 (7.1) | ||
| Severe | 8 (32.0) | 1 (2.0) * | 16 (16.3) |
* Expected count less than 5; ** educational level of two respondents were not available
a Significant difference between the general public and the other two groups (p value < 0.01);
b Significant difference between group analysis with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis (all p values < 0.01);
c Statistical significance compared to individuals under quarantine with adjusted p values (Bonferroni method);
d Statistical significance compared to individuals under quarantine with adjusted p values (Bonferroni method).
e Significant difference in group level shown as bold p values.