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. 2020 Mar 6;9(3):195. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9030195

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Adhesion and cytotoxicity of Citrobacter isolates to the human epidermoid laryngocarcinoma (Hep-2, CCC0068) cell line. (A) Light micrographs of the adherence patterns exhibited by the 13 highly cytotoxic Citrobacter isolates, and control strains CF74 and CF72. Bar: 10μm. (B) Cytotoxicity of the 13 highly cytotoxic Citrobacter isolates was measured by the amount of the LDH released after 8 h exposure by Hep-2 cells. CF72 and CF74 were control strains. CF72 was a non-cytotoxic and non- adhesive negative control, CF74 was a highly adherent and cytotoxic positive control.