Immunization outline with soluble ectodomain co-expression. (A) Long-term antigen expression after DNA electroporation. Two BALB/c mice were intramuscularly electroporated with 20 µg luciferase-encoding plasmid. Luminescence signals were quantified in the red-circled areas for both mice at indicated time-points after electroporation. Background luminescence signals are shown as well (ROI 5). (B) Six-week old BALB/c mice were electroporated intramuscularly with expression plasmids encoding for Env and Gag. Additionally, the animals were either co-electroporated with an empty vector (mock) or plasmids encoding for the soluble ectodomains of PD-1 (sPD-1) or PD-L1 (sPD-L1). After two weeks, half of the animals were sacrificed, and T cell responses analyzed. The other half received a booster immunization identical to the priming regimen. Blood was drawn at weeks 3, 6, and 18 and antibody responses were analyzed.