Table 5.
Activity and morphological effect of peptides on H. pylori.
| Compound | H. pylori Strain(s) | Technic Determining Morphology |
Technic Determining Viability | Main Results Covering the Morphological Transformation of H. pylori | Authors Interpretation | Bibliography |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C12K-2β12 | G27 | TEM | Culture, Fluorescence (membrane integrity) |
- Viability ↓ (>2 log, 8 h, 3× MIC) - Membrane permeabilization (8 h, 3× MIC) - Ghost (degenerative) cells with coccoid-like shape, blebbing, vesicularization, and loosening of the outer membrane (16 h, 3× MIC) |
Bactericidal activity | [66] |
| Epinecidin-1 | ATCC 43504 | TEM | Culture, Fluorescence (membrane integrity) |
- Viability ↓ (2 log, 12 h, 2× MIC or 2 log, 24 h, MIC) - Membrane permeabilization (6 h, MIC) - Ghost (degenerative) cells with coccoid-like shape, pore formation, blebbing, vesicularization, and loosening of the outer membrane (8 h, MIC) |
Bactericidal activity | [38] |
| Tilapia Piscidin 4 | ATCC 43504 | TEM | Culture, Fluorescence (membrane integrity) |
- Viability ↓ (2 log, 3 h, MIC or 3 log, 3 h, 2× MIC) - Membrane permeabilization (6 h, MIC) - Ghost (degenerative) cells with coccoid-like shape, micellization, and loosening of the outer membrane (2 h, MIC) |
Bactericidal activity | [39] |
| Cbf-K16 | SS1 | TEM | Culture, Fluorescence + CLSM + Flow cytometry (membrane integrity) |
- Viability ↓ (0.5 log, 8 h, 4× MIC or 1 log, 12 h, 4× MIC) - Ghost (degenerative) cells with coccoid-like shape, separation of membranes, and a total loss of cytoplasmic content (8 h, 4× MIC) - Membrane permeabilization (time-dependent, 4× MIC) |
Bactericidal activity | [67] |
| (PGA)m-r-(PHLG-MHH)n | SS1 | SEM | Culture, Fluorescence (membrane integrity) |
- Total viability ↓ in pH = 3 (1 h, MIC) - Coccoid forms with membrane damage in pH = 3 (0.5 h, MIC) - Membrane permeabilization in pH = 3 (1 h, MIC) |
Bactericidal activity in acidic environment | [68] |
Symbols: decrease (↓), increase (↑). Abbreviations: confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC).