Table 1.

Characteristics of all the study participants.

Characteristics	Healthy controls	Early ART group	Delayed ART group	P value
Cases	40	69	21
Sex, male (%)	40 (100%)	69 (100%)	21 (100%)	0.99
Age (y)	29 (20-46)	31 (18-54)	31 (22-45)	0.25
Infection time before ART (day)	NA	69.4 ± 4.6	456.7 ± 48.4	<0.0001
CD4+ T-cell count, cells/µL	916 (318-1466)	409 (174-1033)	242 (91-328)	<0.0001
Nadir CD4+ T-cell count, cells/µL	NA	347 (135-717)	234 (91-328)	<0.0001
Plasma viral load (log10 copies/mL)	NA	4.5 (2.6-7)	4.2 (1.7-5.9)	0.37
Drugs	NA
TDF+3TC+EFV		65 (94%)	10 (48%)
TDF+3TC+LPV/r		4 (6%)
AZT+3TC+NVP			11 (52%)

Data were presented as median (interquartile range).

P values were determined by Mann–Whitney test.

NA, not applicable.