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Extent of oxidative stress in rats subjected to the sham procedure, untreated ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), or I/R with dexmedetomidine (DEX) treatment. Levels of (a) malondialdehyde (MDA), (b) glutathione (GSH), and (c) superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the sham control, I/R, and DEX (25 μg/kg)+I/R groups. The data are the mean ± SD (n = 6). ∗p < 0.05.
