FIG 1.

Generation and characterization of recombinant PIV5 expressing MERS-CoV spike protein. (A) Schematic of PIV5-MERS-S. NP, nucleoprotein; V, V protein; P, phosphoprotein; M, matrix protein; F, fusion protein; SH, small hydrophobic protein; HN, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein; L, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (B) Confirmation of MERS-CoV spike protein expression by Western blotting. Vero 81 cells were infected with PIV5-MERS-S at MOIs of 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 or mock infected. At 2 days postinfection, MERS-CoV spike was detected with anti-MERS-S antibody by Western blotting. (C) Immunofluorescence of Vero cells infected with PIV5 and PIV5-MERS-S. Vero cells were infected with PIV5 and PIV5-MERS-S (MOI = 0.1) or mock infected. At 2 days postinfection, cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with anti-PIV5 V/P or anti-MERS-spike antibodies. Scale bar = 200 μm. (D) Growth rate of PIV5-MERS-S. MDBK cells were infected with PIV5 or PIV5-MERS-S at an MOI of 0.1. Media were collected daily for 5 days, and titers of viruses in the media were determined using plaque assay.