FIG 4.

LDV alone, but not LDV-free P. berghei K173, impedes Th1 responses and prevents ECM development. ECM development (A) and blood circulating parasitemia (B) after infection or coinfection of C57BL/6 mice with the indicated inocula: P. berghei (Pb) ANKA pRBC, P. berghei ANKA plus P. berghei K173 pRBC, P. berghei ANKA pRBC plus LDV, LDV-free P. berghei K173 pRBC, P. berghei ANKA pRBC plus LDV-free P. berghei K173 pRBC. (C) Proportions of activated CD11a⁺ CD49d⁺ of spleen CD4⁺ T cells collected 6 days after infection. Cytokine production by spleen CD4⁺ T cells restimulated in vitro with MutuDC loaded with ETRAMP_272–288 peptide (D) or with anti-CD3 (E). (D) Proportions of double IFN-γ⁺ TNF-α⁺ cells of activated CD4⁺ T cells upon ETRAMP_272–288 restimulation. (E) Proportions of IFN-γ⁺ cells out of activated CD4⁺ T cells upon anti-CD3 restimulation. Numbers on the dot plots and bar graphs show median percentages ± IQRs. Data are representative of 2 independent experiments with N = 5 mice/group.