Table 1.
Age, maturity offset, physical characteristics, dietary intake and training characteristics of participants in each group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM
| Variables | Protein (n = 21) | Carbohydrate (n = 19) | Water (n = 18) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Females / Males | 11/10 | 11/8 | 9/9 | |
| Age (years) | 13.4 ± 0.3 | 14.3 ± 0.4 | 14.0 ± 0.4 | 0.17 |
| Years from age of PHV (years) | −0.46 ± 0.3 | 0.43 ± 0.3 | 0.21 ± 0.4 | 0.15 |
| Baseline Estrogen (pg.ml− 1) (females only) | 10.7 ± 3.8 | 10.1 ± 2.3 | 8.6 ± 2.1 | 0.89 |
| Height (cm) | 160.4 ± 2.7 | 165. ±2.2 | 165.7 ± 2.3 | 0.24 |
| Body Mass (kg) | 51.6 ± 3.0 | 56.7 ± 2.3 | 55.2 ± 3.6 | 0.45 |
| Relative Body Fat (%) | 16.5 ± 1.4 | 16.5 ± 1.4 | 15.2 ± 1.7 | 0.79 |
| Dietary Energy Intake (kcal. kg-1.day−1) | 43.3 ± 3.9 | 47.9 ± 8.0 | 48.2 ± 6.4 | 0.81 |
| Dietary Protein Intake (g.kg-1.day−1) | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 0.71 |
| Dietary Calcium Intake (mg.kg-1.day− 1) | 1351 ± 127.6 | 1648 ± 147.6 | 1518 ± 158.7 | 0.34 |
| 24 h Energy Intakea (kcal.kg-1.day− 1) | 55.2 ± 4.9 | 51.5 ± 4 | 53.3 ± 3.9 | 0.83 |
| 24 h Protein Intakea (g.kg-1.day− 1) | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 0.73 |
| 24 h Calcium Intakea (mg.kg-1.day− 1) | 1340 ± 80 | 1366 ± 81.1 | 1365 ± 127.6 | 0.98 |
| Training Experience (years) | 4.6 ± 1.4 | 5.2 ± 1.7 | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 0.68 |
| Training Frequency (sessions·wk.− 1) | 5.6 ± 1.3 | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 5.5 ± 1.4 | 0.09 |
PHV=Peak Height Velocity. The 24 h values refer to the nutritional intake during the study duration. aThe 24 h values refer to the intake during the study duration and both the protein and nutritional intake values do not include the supplements received