Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria following the PICOS approach^a

PICOS	Inclusion and exclusion criteria	Data extraction
Participants	Adult population’s ≥ 18 and ≤ 65 y with or without disease. Studies with a median age between these values were eligible. Participants with mean age ≤ 18 y or nonclinical studies were excluded.	Age, sex, gender, sample size, location, inclusion and exclusion criteria
Intervention	Resistant Starch defined as “resistant maltodextrin”, “resistant dextrin”, “indigestible starch”, “high amylose starch” or any other compound defined by the author as a resistant starch if justification for the compound fulfilling criteria as a resistant starch were explicitly stated. Resistant starch to be administered at a dose of ≥10 g/day for ≥3 wk. Trials that included other interventions (e.g., drug use) were included if the effect of the resistant sarch alone could be isolated. Multiple intervention arms were eligible.	Resistant Starch type, placebo type, intervention and placebo dosage, duration of intervention
Comparators	Only studies with control group were included, The effect of the Resistant starch alone had to be able to be isolated.	Type and dose of comparator, compliance
Outcomes	Mean changes and SD in IL-6, CRP, hs-CRP and TNF-α	Outcomes measured, Evaluation methods and side effects.
Study design	Only randomized controlled trials, where it was possible to extract data on just the resistant starch compared with to placebo. We included both the parallel and crossover design	Design of the study, loss of the study, study quality

^a PICOS, participants, intervention, comparator, outcome, study type