Table 1.
Patient characteristics for the whole group of asthmatics who had a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years, and according to asthma symptom control level as per the GINA guidelines
| All subjects (n = 190) |
Well controlled (n = 66) |
Partially controlled (n = 81) |
Uncontrolled (n = 43) |
P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58.0 (50.0–65.0) | 59.5 (52.0–65.0) | 57.0 (49.0–65.0) | 58.0 (49.0–64.0) | 0.79 |
| Females | 112 (58.9) | 36 (54.5) | 46 (56.8) | 30 (69.8) | 0.25 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 (24.2–31.1) | 26.3 (24.2–30.1) | 27.5 (24.3–31.2) | 27.9 (23.9–33.3) | 0.47 |
| Current smokers | 83 (44.1) | 23 (35.4) | 34 (42.0) | 26 (61.9) | 0.02 (0.01)*** |
| Pack-years | 20.0 (15.0–30.0) | 20.0 (15.0–30.0) | 20.0 (15.0–27.0) | 26.0 (15.0–35.0) | 0.25 |
| FEV1 (% of predicted) | 80.5 (71.0–93.0) | 84.0 (71.0–94.0) | 83.0 (72.0–95.0) | 78.0 (67.0–83.0) | 0.03 (0.03)** |
| Significant reversibility in FEV1 | 17 (8.9) | 5 (7.6) | 5 (6.2) | 7 (16.3) | 0.15 |
| Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC | 0.74 (0.68–0.79) | 0.73 (0.68–0.77) | 0.75 (0.70–0.81) | 0.72 (0.68–0.80) | 0.24 |
| Post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.70 | 52 (27.4) | 17 (25.8) | 22 (27.2) | 13 (30.2) | 0.88 |
| Exacerbation during previous year | 51 (26.8) | 7 (10.6) | 27 (33.3) | 17 (39.5) | 0.001 (< 0.001)*** |
| Regular use of inhaled corticosteroid | 179 (94.2) | 63 (95.5) | 77 (95.1) | 39 (90.7) | 0.53 |
|
Regular use of inhaled corticosteroid + long-acting b2-agonist (ICS + LABA) |
122 (64.2) | 42 (63.6) | 56 (69.1) | 24 (55.8) | 0.34 |
The results are given as the median (interquartile range) or number of patients (percentage)
*Kruskal-Wallis test was used for continuous variables, and the chi-squared test was used for comparisons of categorical variables among groups according to asthma control
**Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test in parentheses
***Mantel-Haenzel trend test in parentheses