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. 2020 Apr 15;6:5. doi: 10.1186/s40851-020-00157-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — Confocal images of the cortical actin cytoskeleton in starfish oocytes fertilized at different meiotic stages. Immature oocytes, mature eggs and overripe eggs of A. aranciacus were microinjected with Alexa Fluor 568 phalloidin. a F-actin staining of the fertilization cones in a polyspermic immature oocyte. Note the large number of actin bundles composing the fertilization cones that will incorporate the sperm in the absence of a FE elevation shown in the overlay image in a’. b A mature monospermic egg fertilized in its optimal stage of maturation (70 min 1-MA treatment) that shows a fertilization cone. Note the initiation of the centripetal translocation of individual actin fibres at the subplasmalemmal zone and the elevation of the FE in the overlay image in b′ as a result of the CG exocytosis. c Reorganization of the F-actin in an overripe egg fertilized after 6 h hormonal treatment. Note that the centripetal translocation seen in fertilized mature eggs is absent in overripe eggs upon insemination. c′) Image overlay showing the fertilization envelope (FE) elevation and incorporation of sperm in the egg (arrowhead). Multiple spermatozoa enter even in the presence of normal elevation of FE