Table IV.
Major waterborne pathogens and related disease
| Pathogen | Disease |
|---|---|
| Bacteria | |
| Shigella (spp.) | Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) |
| Salmonella typhi | Typhoid fever |
| Salmonella (1700 serotypes spp.) | Salmonellosis |
| Vibro cholerae | Cholera |
| Escherichia coli (enteropathogenic) | Gastroenteritis and septicemia, hemolytic uremic svndrome (HUS) |
| Yersinia enterocolitica | Yersiniosis |
| Leptospira (spp.) | Leptospirosis |
| Campylobacter jejune | Gastroenteritis, reactive arthritis |
| Protozoa | |
| Entamoeba histolytica | Amebiasis (amebic dysentery) |
| Giardia lamblia | Giardiasis (gastroenteritis) |
| Cryptosporidium | Cryptosporidiosis, diarrhea, fever |
| Microsporidia | Diarrhea |
| Helminths | |
| Ascaris lumbricoides | Ascariasis (roundworm infection) |
| Ancylostoma (spp) | Ancylostomiasis (hookworm infection) |
| Necator americanus | Necatoriasis (roundworm infection) |
| Ancylostoma (spp.) | Cutaneous larva migrams (hookworm infection) |
| Strongloides stercoralis | Strongyloidiasis (threadworm infection) |
| Trichuris trichiura | Trichuriasis (whipworm infection) |
| Taenia (spp.) | Taeniasis (tapeworm infection) |
| Enterobius vermicularis | Enterobiasis (pinwork infection) |
| Echinococcus granulosus (spp.) | Hydatidosis (tapeworm infection) |
| Viruses | |
| Enteroviruses (polio, echo, coxsackie, new enteroviruses, serotype 68–71) | Gastroenteritis, heart anomolies, meningitis, others |
| Hepatitis A and E virus | infectious hepatitis |
| Adenovirus | Respiratory disease eye infectons, gastroenteritis (serotype 40 and 41) |
| Rotavirus | Gastroenteritis |
| Parvovirus | Gastroenteritis |
| Noroviruses | Diarrhea, vomiting, fever |
| Astrovirus | Gastroenteritis |
| Calicivirus | Gastroenteritis |
| Coronavirus | Gastroenteritis |
Adapted from National Research Council, 1996; Sagik et. al., 1978; and Hurst et. al., 1989