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. 2017 Feb 17:805–907.e1. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-35775-3.00014-X

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Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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E-Figure 14-3 — Axonal Transport Systems.

Neurotransmitter vesicles and neurofilament proteins, synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and packaged in the Golgi apparatus (1) are transported through the length of the axon (2) and to synapses by kinesin (3). Kinesin is a microtubule motor protein that uses chemical energy from adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis to generate mechanical force and thus bind to and move attached to microtubules. Used vesicles and effete neurofilament proteins (4) are returned along a microtubule (recycled) (5) to the neuron cell body (6) by cytoplasmic dynein, another microtubule motor protein. These transport systems are used by some pathogens (rabies virus, Listeria monocytogenes) to enter and spread within the central nervous system.

(Courtesy Dr. A.D. Miller, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University; and Dr. J.F. Zachary, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois.)