Table 34-7.

Induced Sputum, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, and Surgical Biopsy in Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia

Technique	Ease of Procedure	Diagnostic Sensitivity (%)	Cost	Notes
Induced sputum	Simple once technique established	50–90	Low	Requires dedicated health care worker(s) and facility Risk to health care workers from expectorated aerosol
Bronchoalveolar lavage	Moderate	90–>95	Moderate	Risk of deterioration post procedure Risk to health care workers from coughed secretions Sensitivity may be increased by two-lobe lavage
Surgical biopsy	Complex	>95	High	Requires health care workers with surgical expertise