. 2015 Apr 3:407–435.e18. doi: 10.1016/B978-1-4557-3383-5.00025-7

Table 25-5.

Patterns of Abnormal Function for Various Pulmonary Disorders

	Emphysema	Chronic Bronchitis	COPD	Asthma	RESTRICTION
Test	Emphysema	Chronic Bronchitis	COPD	Asthma	Parenchymal	Chest Wall	Neuromuscular	PVO	CHF
FVC (L)	(N)⇒ ↓	(N)⇒ ↓	(N)⇒ ↓	(N)⇒ ↓	↓	↓	N⇒ ↓	N	↓
FEV₁ (L)	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	N⇒ ↓	N	↓
FEV₁/FVC (%)	↓	↓	↓	N⇒ ↓	N⇒↑	N	N	N	N⇒ ↓
FEF (L/sec)	↓	↓	↓	↓	N⇒ ↓	↓	N⇒ ↓	N	↓
PEF (L/sec)	↓	↓	↓	↓	N⇒ ↓	↓	N⇒ ↓	N	↓
MVV (L/min)	↓	↓	↓	↓	N⇒ ↓	↓	N⇒ ↓	N	↓
FEF₅₀ (L/sec)	↓	↓	↓	↓	N⇒ ↓	↓	N⇒ ↓	N	↓
TLC (L)	↑	N⇒↑	↑	N⇒↑	↓	↓	N⇒ ↓	N⇒↓^*	↓
RV (L)	↑	↑	↑	↑	↓	↓	N⇒↑	N	↑⇒N⇒ ↓
RV/TLC (%)	↑	↑	↑	↑	N	N⇒↑	N⇒↑	N	↑⇒N⇒ ↓
Dl_CO (mL/min/mm Hg)	↓	N⇒↓	N⇒↓	↑⇒N	↓	N⇒↓	N⇒↓	↓⇒N⇒↑	↓
Pao₂ (mm Hg)	N⇒↓	↓	N⇒↓	N⇒↓	↓	N	N⇒↓	N⇒↓	N⇒↓
Sao₂ (%)	N⇒↓	↓	N⇒↓	N⇒↓	↓	N	N⇒↓	N⇒↓	N⇒↓
Paco₂ (mm Hg)	N⇒↑	↑	N⇒↑	N⇒↓	N⇒↓	N	N⇒↑	↓	N⇒↓
pH (−log[H⁺])	N⇒↓	N⇒↓	N⇒↓	N⇒↑	N⇒↑	N	N⇒↓	N	N⇒↑
Raw (cm H₂O/L/sec)	↑	↑	↑	↑	↓⇒N⇒↑	N⇒↑	N⇒↑	N	N⇒↑
Cst_L (L/cm H₂O)	↑	N	N⇒↑	N⇒↑	↓	N	N	N	N⇒↓
Cdyn_L (L/cm H₂O)	↓	N⇒↓	N⇒↓	N⇒↓	↓	N	N	N	N ⇒↓
Pst_max (cm H₂O)	↓	N	N⇒↓	↓	N⇒↑	N⇒↓	N⇒↓	N	N⇒↓
Phase III (% N₂/L)	↑	↑	↑	↑	N⇒↑	N	N	N	N⇒↑
Phase IV (% VC)	A	↑⇒A	↑⇒A	↑⇒A	N⇒↑	N	N	N	N⇒↑
MEP (cm H₂O)	N⇒↓	↑	↓⇒N⇒↑	N	N⇒↓	N⇒↓	↓↓	N	N
MIP (cm H₂O)	↓	N	N⇒↓	N	N⇒↑	N⇒↑	↓↓	N	N

A, often absent; N, normal; (N), occasionally normal; ⇒, to; ↑, increased; ↓, decreased. Cdyn_L, dynamic compliance of the lung; CHF, congestive heart failure; Cst_L, static compliance of the lung; Dl_CO, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; Dl/Va, diffusing capacity of the lung/alveolar volume; FEF, forced expiratory flow; FEF₅₀, forced expiratory flow after 50% of vital capacity exhaled; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; MEP, maximal expiratory pressure; MIP, maximal inspiratory pressure; MVV, maximal voluntary ventilation; Paco₂, arterial Pco₂; Pao₂, arterial Po₂; PEF, peak expiratory flow; Pst_max, maximal static pressure; PVO, pulmonary vascular obstruction; Raw, airway resistance; RV, residual volume; Sao₂, arterial oxygen saturation; TLC, total lung capacity.

Volumes are decreased in the presence of primary pulmonary hypertension but not chronic thromboemboli.