TABLE 12.1.
Inflammatory Mediators That Stimulate Epithelial Cell Chloride Secretion
| Mediator | Action |
|---|---|
| Prostaglandin E2 | Increases Cl secretion |
| Decreases neutral NaCl absorption | |
| Vasoactive intestinal peptide | Increases cAMP-mediated NaCl secretion |
| Activates cholinergic nerves | |
| Endotoxin | Increases Na absorption |
| Increases cell membrane permeability | |
| Serotonin | Increases fluid and electrolyte secretion |
| Interferon-γ | Decreases tight junctions and causes increase in cell membrane permeability |
| Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1β | Increase prostaglandins E2 and F1α and thromboxane B2 |
| Histamine (H1) | Increases Cl secretion via Ca-mediated pathways |
| Bradykinin | Increases Cl secretion through prostaglandin-mediated pathways |
| Reactive oxygen mediators | Increase Cl secretion |
| Thromboxanes | Increase Cl secretion |
| Decrease neutral NaCl absorption | |
| Lipoxygenase products | Increase Cl secretion via prostaglandin-mediated pathways |
| Platelet-activating factor | Increases Isc (Cl secretion) |
| Adenosine | Increases Cl secretion |
cAMP, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate.