Skip to main content
. 2017 Nov 17:709–842. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-44329-6.00012-7

TABLE 12.6.

Grading System for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Small Intestinal Mucosa

Grade Description
1 Separation of epithelium at the tip of the villus, creating a small space between the epithelium and basement membrane called Grüenhagen’s space
2 Loss of epithelium from the tip of the villus
3 Loss of epithelium from the upper third of the villus
4 Complete loss of villous epithelium
5 Injury or loss of epithelium within the crypt in addition to complete loss of villous epithelium

Adapted from Chiu CJ, McArdle AH, Brown R, et al. Intestinal mucosal lesion in low-flow states. I. A morphological, hemodynamic, and metabolic reappraisal. Arch Surg. 1970; 101:478-483.