FIG 3.

Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of DYRK1A increases HIV replication in multiple rounds of infection. (A) Western blots showing DYRK1A knockdown in three HIV-negative donors. (B to D) MDMs with control of DYRK1A siRNA were infected with macrophage-tropic replication-competent HIV-1 (BaL-3) for 6 h and washed, and medium was replaced after 48 h. Viral particles were collected after 72 h and used to transduce TZM-bl indicator cells. Luciferase luminescence in cell lysates was used as a measure of HIV replication. (E) Cell lysates from the respective MDMs were used for Western blots for HIV-1 Gag and actin. (F to H) MDMs were infected with HIV-1 BaL-3 for 72 h in the presence of INDY or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). HIV replication was measured as for panels B to D. (I) MDMs were treated with INDY and infected with HIV-1 for 48 h, and the MTT assay was performed as described in Materials and Methods. Data are means, and error bars indicate SEM (n = 3). *, P < 0.01; **, P < 0.0001 (Student’s t test).