Table 1.
Characteristics of primary care patients with at least 2 visits to primary care during the 3-year period (Oct 1, 2013-Sept 30, 2016)
| Documented OUD | No Documented OUD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (13,942) | (1,354,662) | ||||
| N | % | N | % | p-value | |
| Age | <0.001 | ||||
| 18–25 | 2,131 | (15.3) | 138,843 | (10.2) | |
| 26–35 | 2,891 | (20.7) | 214,663 | (15.8) | |
| 36–45 | 2,367 | (17.0) | 217,526 | (16.1) | |
| 46–55 | 2,758 | (19.8) | 252,535 | (18.6) | |
| 56–65 | 2,362 | (16.9) | 265,157 | (19.6) | |
| 66–75 | 932 | (6.7) | 163,385 | (12.1) | |
| >75 | 501 | (3.6) | 102,553 | (7.6) | |
| Gender | <0.001 | ||||
| Female | 7,404 | (53.1) | 770,231 | (56.9) | |
| Male | 6,537 | (46.9) | 584,373 | (43.1) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||||
| Hispanic | 859 | (6.2) | 128,123 | (9.5) | |
| White | 10,966 | (78.7) | 929,064 | (68.6) | |
| Black/African American | 926 | (6.6) | 80,064 | (5.9) | |
| Asian | 170 | (1.2) | 135,606 | (10.0) | |
| Native American/Alaska Native | 149 | (1.1) | 5,338 | (0.4) | |
| Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 40 | (0.3) | 6,413 | (0.5) | |
| Multiracial | 456 | (3.3) | 24,696 | (1.8) | |
| Other | 100 | (0.7) | 10,232 | (0.8) | |
| Unknown | 276 | (2.0) | 35,126 | (2.6) | |
| Insurance type* | <0.001 | ||||
| Medicare | 2,406 | (22.9) | 237,094 | (25.1) | |
| Commercial or private | 6,128 | (58.3) | 642,976 | (68.0) | |
| State subsidized | 1,674 | (15.9) | 46,273 | (4.9) | |
| Uninsured | 308 | (2.9) | 18,836 | (2.0) | |
| Charlson co-morbidity index score | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 12,830 | (92.0) | 1,297,528 | (95.8) | |
| 1 | 213 | (1.5) | 13,785 | (1.0) | |
| 2+ | 899 | (6.4) | 43,349 | (3.2) | |
| Any non-cancer pain diagnosis | 12,420 | (89.1) | 1,019,994 | (75.3) | <0.001 |
| Any mental health disorder diagnosis | 11,225 | (80.5) | 462,151 | (34.1) | <0.001 |
| Tobacco use disorder | 8,395 | (60.2) | 214,561 | (15.8) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol use disorder | 3,965 | (28.4) | 47,711 | (3.5) | <0.001 |
| Other SUD disorder diagnosis | 7,346 | (52.7) | 27,103 | (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Cannabis use disorder | 2,307 | (16.5) | 13,314 | (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Stimulant disorder | 2,520 | (18.1) | 6,538 | (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Other drug use disorders | 6,157 | (44.2) | 12,939 | (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Opioid overdose | 511 | (3.7) | 622 | (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Opioid prescriptions (count) | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 3,886 | (27.9) | 809,527 | (59.8) | |
| 1 | 1,364 | (9.8) | 240,520 | (17.8) | |
| 2–3 | 1,423 | (10.2) | 148,952 | (11.0) | |
| 4–6 | 1,041 | (7.5) | 60,445 | (4.5) | |
| 7–10 | 827 | (5.9) | 28,405 | (2.1) | |
| >10 | 5,401 | (38.7) | 66,813 | (4.9) | |
| Emergency department visits* | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 3,645 | (34.7) | 637,823 | (67.5) | |
| 1 | 1,789 | (17.0) | 167,711 | (17.7) | |
| 2 | 1,210 | (11.5) | 64,724 | (6.8) | |
| 3+ | 3,872 | (36.8) | 74,921 | (7.9) | |
| Hospitalizations | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 8,848 | (63.5) | 1,165,973 | (86.1) | |
| 1 | 2,209 | (15.8) | 115,276 | (8.5) | |
| 2 | 1,083 | (7.8) | 39,766 | (2.9) | |
| 3 | 1,802 | (12.9) | 33,647 | (2.5) | |
*
One health system excluded from this variable for lack of data; OUD=opioid use disorder, Other SUD=other substance use disorder diagnoses, not including alcohol, opioid or tobacco use disorders; p-value obtained from chi-square tests of independence for differences between patients with and without documented OUD across patient characteristics