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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Analyt Chem. 2018 Jul 5;106:37–52. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.06.013

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7.

Modular valves (a, b) and pumps (c, d) are part of a bigger design challenge. These modules were combined together, and an integrated device was fabricated. The performance of the individual modules and the tool was demonstrated by detecting urinary total protein using colorimetric approach. Adapted with permission from ref. 88. Copyright (2016) American Chemical Society.