Table 3.
Comparison of prevalence of clinical features between children with COVID-19, adults with COVID-19, children with H1N1 influenza, and children with SARS
| Children with COVID-19 (n=36) | Adults with COVID-19 (n=175)17 | Children with SARS (n=44)10 | Children with H1N1 influenza (n=167)19 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 8·3 (3·5) | 45 (14) | 12·2 (4·1) | 4·1 (3·5) |
| Fever | 13 (36%) | 150 (86%) | 44 (100%) | 153 (92%) |
| Cough | 7 (19%) | 109 (62%) | 28 (64%) | 138 (83%) |
| Pharyngeal congestion or sore throat | 1 (3%) | 8 (5%) | 6 (14%) | 159 (95%) |
| Dyspnoea | 1 (3%) | 23 (13%) | 4 (9%) | 12 (7%) |
| Asymptomatic* | 10 (28%) | <5% | 0 | <5% |
| Pneumonia | 19 (53%) | 166 (95%) | 40/62 (65%)† | 18 (11%) |
| Comorbidities or complications (except pneumonia and bronchitis) | 0 | 10 (6%) | 5 (11%) | 7 (4%) |
| Mild and moderate cases | 36 (100%) | 136 (77%) | 35 (79%) | 135 (81%) |
| Severe cases | 0 | 39 (23%) | 9 (21%) | 32 (19%) |
| Leucopenia | 7 (19%) | 44 (25%) | 15 (34%) | 65 (39%) |
| Lymphopenia | 11 (31%) | 61 (35%) | 34 (77%) | NA |
| Myocardial enzymes elevated | 11 (31%) | 39 (22%) | 3 (7%) | 18 (11%) |
| Liver enzymes elevated | 2 (6%) | 32 (18%) | 21 (48%) | 12 (7%) |
| Elevated C-reactive protein | 1 (3%) | 86 (49%) | NA | 42 (25%) |
| Antiviral therapy | 14 (39%) | 170 (97%) | 42 (96%) | 167 (100%) |
Data are n (%) or mean (SD). COVID-19=coronavirus disease 2019. SARS=severe acute respiratory syndrome. NA=not available.
*
No pneumonia, no upper respiratory symptoms, and no fever.
†
The prevalence of abnormal radiographic presentations in children with SARS was obtained from reference 18.