FIGURE 4.

Effect of injury and high glucose on miR-451 expression in primary human proximal tubule (hPT) cells and hPT-derived exosomes. Bar graphs show fold expression of miR-451 in the hPT cells and hPT-derived exosomes in the media. (A) The hPT cells were injured by scratching with a 10-μl tip or remained uninjured. Total RNA was extracted after 24 h of injury. (B) hPT cells were cultured in the medium containing 5 or 20 mM glucose for 48 h. Fold expression of miR-451 gene was normalized against 18S ribosomal RNA using the formulae 2^–ΔCT. Experiments were repeated three times. The data are represented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 was considered significant by unpaired t-test.