TABLE 2A.

Data are expressed as median (IQR) for non-normally distributed variables and as mean ± SD for normally distributed variables.

Variables	Mean ± SE/median(IQR)			p-Value
	Healthy controls (group 1) n = 23	Renal-disease subjects without diabetes (group 2) n = 20	Renal-disease subjects with diabetes (group 3) n = 18
Urine ACR (mg/g)	4.0 (2.4–6.0)	11.7 (5.3–37.4)	37.2 (3.4–114.6)	0.005*
eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)	93 (83–102)	50 (39–77)	60 (51–73)	0.000*
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	1.0 (0.87–1.05)	1.6 (0.90–1.81)	1.5 (1.24–1.69)	0.000*
Serum sodium (mmol/L)	136 (132–140)	140 (139.00–144)	139 (137–142)	0.017*
Serum potassium (mmol/L)	4.0 ± 0.1	4.4 ± 0.1	4.6 ± 0.1	0.001*
Hemoglobin (gm%)	13.3 (12.9–14.6)	12.7 (11.1–14.1)	12.2 (10.5–13.3)	0.003*

ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis H test was used as per the assumptions.