Table 3.
Adjusted Relative Risks From Multivariate Poisson Regressionsa for Mortality Rates Among People Released From Jails, New York City, 2001–2005
| Type of Death | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Drug-Related | Homicide | Suicide | |||
| RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | |
| Time after release | ||||||
| 1–2 weeks | 3.8 | 1.9, 7.7 | 2.9 | 2.3, 3.7 | 1.0 | 0.3, 3.1 |
| 3–4 weeks | 2.0 | 0.7, 5.2 | 1.8 | 1.3, 2.5 | 3.1 | 1.6, 6.2 |
| Four or more days spent in jail | 1.1 | 0.6, 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.2, 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.2, 3.3 |
| Two or more incarcerations | 0.9 | 0.5, 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.0, 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.7, 1.6 |
| Type of crime | ||||||
| Drug-related | 1.5 | 0.9, 2.4 | 1.2 | 1.0, 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.2, 0.5 |
| Violence | 0.8 | 0.5, 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.0, 1.3 | 2.3 | 1.5, 3.5 |
| Age ≥33 years | 5.9 | 3.0, 11.7 | 0.5 | 0.4, 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.5, 1.1 |
| Race | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic black | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.3 | 6.5 | 3.6, 11.9 | 0.1 | 0.1, 0.2 |
| Hispanic | 0.3 | 0.2, 0.6 | 3.0 | 1.6, 5.6 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.4 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | ||||||
| Other | 0.2 | 0.0, 1.7 | ||||
| Male sex | 0.8 | 0.5, 1.5 | 4.8 | 3.1, 7.3 | 0.7 | 0.4, 1.2 |
| At least 1 night spent in a homeless shelter | 3.4 | 2.1, 5.5 | 0.5 | 0.4, 0.7 | 2.1 | 1.2, 3.4 |
| Neighborhood income | ||||||
| Middle | 1.0 | 0.6, 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.7, 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.5, 1.1 |
| High | 0.7 | 0.4, 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.3, 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.4, 1.2 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk.
a
The reference categories were 5 weeks or more since release, less than 4 days spent in jail, 1 incarceration, no drug-related crimes, no violent crimes, age less than 33 years, non-Hispanic white race, female sex, no time spent in a homeless shelter, and low-income neighborhood.