Table 1.
Species groups based on both floristic (BD, MD) and relevé (FD) data sets with brief characteristics
| Species group | Abbrev | Size | Min no. | Rel fr | Species list | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aruncus dioicus group in BD | ArunDioi | 6 | 3 | 0.10 | Aconitum variegatum, Adoxa moschatellina, Aruncus dioicus, Galium sylvaticum, Lunaria rediviva, Stellaria holostea | Scree and ravine forests (Tilio‐Acerion) occurring on steep shaded slopes on regosols and colluvial soils |
| Aruncus dioicus group in MD | 4 | 2 | 0.04 | Aruncus dioicus, Galium sylvaticum, Lunaria rediviva, Stellaria holostea | ||
| Aruncus dioicus group in FD | 7 | 4 | 0.02 | Arum maculatum, Aruncus dioicus, Lunaria rediviva, Stellaria holostea, Thalictrum aquilegiifolium, Tilia cordata, Valeriana excelsa s.l. | ||
| Calluna vulgaris group in BD | CallVulg | 3 | 2 | 0.50 | Calluna vulgaris, Melampyrum pratense, Vaccinium vitis‐idaea | Montane Nardus grasslands and acidophilous scrub |
| Calluna vulgaris group in FD | 4 | 2 | 0.03 | Calluna vulgaris, Hieracium pilosella, Melampyrum pratense, Nardus stricta | ||
| Carex davalliana group in BD | CareDava | 6 | 3 | 0.11 | Carex davalliana, C. panicea, Dactylorhiza majalis, Eriophorum angustifolium, E. latifolium, Juncus inflexus | Continually wet meso‐ or oligotrophic meadows and springs on gleys or pseudogleys (Caricion davallianae) |
| Carex davalliana group in MD | 4 | 2 | 0.01 | Carex panicea, Dactylorhiza majalis, Equisetum palustre, Eriophorum angustifolium | ||
| Carex davalliana group in FD | 5 | 3 | 0.01 | Carex davalliana, C. panicea, Dactylorhiza majalis, Eriophorum latifolium, Valeriana dioica | ||
| Centaurea scabiosa group in BD | CentScab | 24 | 12 | 0.20 | Agrimonia eupatoria, Ajuga genevensis, Allium oleraceum, Avenula pubescens, Briza media, Carex caryophyllea, Carlina acaulis, Centaurea scabiosa, Cerastium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Cornus sanguinea, Cruciata laevipes, Euphorbia cyparissias, Fragaria moschata, Hylotelephium jullianum, Origanum vulgare, Plantago media, Potentilla tabernaemontani, Ranunculus bulbosus, Sanguisorba minor, Sedum sexangulare, Senecio jacobaea, Thymus pulegioides, Viola odorata | Thermophilous and basiphilous fringes (Trifolion medii) and grasslands (Bromion erecti) preferring open habitats on base‐rich bedrock (limestone or marls) on both thin soil cover and deep soils |
| Centaurea scabiosa group in MD | 21 | 11 | 0.07 | Agrimonia eupatoria, Ajuga genevensis, Allium oleraceum, Avenula pubescens, Briza media, Carex caryophyllea, Carlina acaulis, Centaurea scabiosa, Cornus sanguinea, Cruciata laevipes, Euphorbia cyparissias, Fragaria moschata, Linum catharticum, Origanum vulgare, Plantago media, Poa angustifolia, Potentilla tabernaemontani, Ranunculus bulbosus, Sanguisorba minor, Senecio jacobaea, Thymus pulegioides | ||
| Centaurea scabiosa group in FD | 9 | 5 | 0.07 | Briza media, Carlina acaulis, Centaurea scabiosa, Euphorbia cyparissias, Knautia arvensis, Origanum vulgare, Plantago media, Sanguisorba minor, Securigera varia | ||
| Convallaria majalis group in BD | ConvMaja | 4 | 2 | 0.34 | Convallaria majalis, Melampyrum nemorosum, Polygonatum multiflorum, Quercus petraea | Oak‐hornbeam forests (Carpinion) and acidophilous fringes (Melampyrion pratensis) |
| Convallaria majalis group in MD | 4 | 2 | 0.10 | Convallaria majalis, Melampyrum nemorosum, Polygonatum multiflorum, Quercus petraea | ||
| Convallaria majalis group in FD | 5 | 3 | 0.03 | Anemone nemorosa, Carpinus betulus, Convallaria majalis, Melampyrum nemorosum, Quercus robur | ||
| Epipactis microphylla group in BD | EpipMicr | 7 | 4 | 0.04 | Cephalanthera damasonium, C. rubra, Carex digitata, Corallorrhiza trifida, Epipactis microphylla, Inula conyzae, Monotropa hypopitys agg. | Calciphilous beech forests (Cephalanthero‐Fagenion) with scarce species occurring only on dolomitic limestones or on primitive soils (rendzinas) |
| Epipactis microphylla group in MD | 5 | 3 | 0.01 | Cephalanthera damasonium, C. rubra, Corallorrhiza trifida, Epipactis microphylla, Inula conyzae | ||
| Epipactis microphylla group in FD | 9 | 5 | 0.01 | Carex digitata, Cephalanthera damasonium, C. rubra, Corallorrhiza trifida, Epipactis helleborine agg., E. microphylla, Inula conyzae, Monotropa hypopitys agg., Orthilia secunda | ||
| Galeobdolon luteum group in BD | GaleLute | 4 | 2 | 0.85 | Galeobdolon luteum agg., Galium odoratum, Mercurialis perennis, Viola reichenbachiana | Herb‐rich beech forests (Fagion) with overlap into scree forests |
| Galeobdolon luteum group in MD | 2 | 2 | 0.50 | Galeobdolon luteum agg., Galium odoratum | ||
| Galeobdolon luteum group in FD | 6 | 3 | 0.33 | Acer pseudoplatanus, Actaea spicata, Dryopteris filix‐mas agg., Galeobdolon luteum agg., Galium odoratum, Mercurialis perennis | ||
| Juncus tenuis group in BD | JuncTenu | 2 | 2 | 0.90 | Juncus tenuis, Sagina procumbens | Vegetation of trampled places (Plantaginetea majoris) |
| Juncus tenuis group in FD | 3 | 2 | 0.03 | Juncus tenuis, Poa annua, Sagina procumbens | ||
| Plantago lanceolata group in BD | PlanLanc | 48 | 24 | 0.72 | Alchemilla vulgaris agg., Alopecurus pratensis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Bellis perennis, Campanula patula, C. rotundifolia, Cardamine pratensis, Carex hirta, Chaerophyllum aromaticum, Chenopodium album agg., Cirsium arvense, C. vulgare, Crataegus sp., Elymus repens, Equisetum arvense, Fallopia convolvulus, Festuca pratensis, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium album s.l., Glechoma hederacea, Holcus lanatus, Knautia arvensis, Leucanthemum vulgare agg., Linaria vulgaris, Lolium perenne, Lotus corniculatus, Luzula campestris agg., Lychnis flos‐cuculi, Myosotis arvensis, Phleum pratense, Pimpinella saxifraga, Plantago lanceolata, Poa pratensis, Ranunculus acris, Rosa canina agg., Rumex acetosa, Sanguisorba officinalis, Silene vulgaris, Stellaria graminea, Tanacetum vulgare, Trifolium medium, Trifolium pratense, Trisetum flavescens, Veronica chamaedrys, Vicia cracca, Vicia sepium, Viola arvensis | Mesophilous grasslands and disturbed areas (Molinio‐Arrhenatheretea) |
| Plantago lanceolata group in FD | 17 | 9 | 0.20 | Achillea millefolium agg., Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Campanula rotundifolia, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra agg., Galium album agg., Knautia arvensis, Leontodon hispidus, Leucanthemum vulgare agg., Lotus corniculatus, Luzula campestris agg., Plantago lanceolata, Ranunculus acris, Rumex acetosa, Trisetum flavescens, Veronica chamaedrys | ||
| Puccinellia distans group in BD | PuccDist | 2 | 2 | 0.09 | Echinochloa crus‐galli, Puccinellia distans | Subhalophilous communities along the roadsides |
| Puccinellia distans group in FD | 6 | 3 | 0.01 | Brassica oleracea, Chenopodium glaucum, Echinochloa crus‐galli, Matricaria recutita, Puccinellia distans, Setaria pumila | ||
| Sedum sexangulare group in BD | SeduSexa | 6 | 3 | 0.18 | Carex caryophyllea, Plantago media, Potentilla tabernaemontani, Sedum sexangulare, Senecio jacobaea, Thymus pulegioides | Vegetation of succulents on shallow soils (Sedo‐Scleranthetea) |
| Sedum sexangulare group in MD | 2 | 2 | 0.05 | Carex caryophyllea, Sedum sexangulare | ||
| Sedum sexangulare group in FD | 3 | 2 | 0.01 | Jovibarba globifera, Sedum sexangulare, Thymus pulegioides | ||
| Vaccinium myrtillus group in BD | VaccMyrt | 7 | 4 | 0.95 | Athyrium filix‐femina, Avenella flexuosa, Dryopteris dilatata, Fagus sylvatica, Oxalis acetosella, Picea abies, Vaccinium myrtillus | Acidophilous forests (Luzulo‐Fagion), clearings and conifer plantations (Epilobietea angustifolii) |
| Vaccinium myrtillus group in FD | 2 | 2 | 0.22 | Avenella flexuosa, Vaccinium myrtillus |
Abbrev, abbreviation of the group in the text; Size, number of species in a species group; Min no, minimum species number required for a plot to be assigned to a species group; Rel fr, relative frequency of plots assigned to the species group.