Factors favoring osteocyte death |
Aging |
1, 16, 54 |
Low mechanical strain (e.g. immobilization or weightlessness) |
44, 47, 49 |
Excessive mechanical strain, microcracking |
16, 47 |
Estrogen deficiency (e.g. postmenopause or treatment with GnRH) |
38, 39 |
Glucocorticoid excess (endogenous or exogenous) |
42, 45, 113 |
Vitamin D deficiency |
83, 118 |
Vitamin D receptor deficiency |
118 |
Factors promoting osteocytes viability |
Normal mechanical loading (load-induced fluid flow in lacunocanalicular network) |
34, 47 |
Intermittent administration of PTH(1–34) |
115, 116, 117 |
Bisphosphonates treatment |
1, 57, 58 |
Nitric oxide (NO) |
34 |