Table 2.
Contribution of specific pathogens to severe episodes of, and deaths from, childhood diarrhoea and pneumonia, by WHO region
| African region | American region | Eastern Mediterranean region | European region | Southeast Asian region | Western Pacific region | World | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe diarrhoea episodes | ||||||||
| Rotavirus: | ||||||||
| Episodes (×103) | 2557 (1901–3026) | 1129 (833–1330) | 1344 (990–1576) | 660 (488–781) | 2382 (1753–2790) | 1781 (1312–2090) | 9853 (7277–11593) | |
| Proportion of all severe episodes (%) | 26·8% | 23·4% | 31·3% | 25·9% | 25·5% | 32·6% | 27·3% | |
| Vibrio cholerae: | ||||||||
| Episodes (×103) | 38 (28–45) | ·· | ·· | ·· | 416 (306–488) | 2 (2–3) | 456 (336–536) | |
| Proportion of all severe episodes (%) | 0·4% | ·· | ·· | ·· | 4·5% | 0·04% | 1·3% | |
| Diarrhoea deaths | ||||||||
| Rotavirus: | ||||||||
| Deaths (×103) | 95 (52·5–151·3) | 2·6 (1·9–5·6) | 30·2 (20·1–48·0) | 1·6 (1·1–2·8) | 58·1 (47·7–74·7) | 5·5 (2·0–7·7) | 192·7 (133·1–284·4) | |
| Proportion of diarrhoea deaths (%) | 26·8% | 23·4% | 31·3% | 25·9% | 25·5% | 32·6% | 27·1% | |
| V cholerae: | ||||||||
| Deaths (×103) | 1·4 (0·8–2·3) | ·· | ·· | ·· | 10·2 (8·4–13·2) | 0·1 (0·02–0·1) | 11·7 (7·9–16·8) | |
| Proportion of diarrhoea deaths (%) | 0·4% | ·· | ·· | ·· | 4·5% | 0·04% | 1·6% | |
| Severe pneumonia episodes | ||||||||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae: | ||||||||
| Episodes (×103) | 774 (453–1069) | 127 (74–175) | 349 (204–482) | 70 (41–97) | 1001 (585–1382) | 263 (154–363) | 2585 (1511–3568) | |
| Proportion of all severe episodes (%) | 18·6% | 16·4% | 18·6% | 16·9% | 18·4% | 18·4% | 18·3% | |
| Haemophilus influenzae: | ||||||||
| Episodes (×103) | 130 (0–312) | 14 (0–34) | 52 (0–124) | 15 (0–35) | 291 (0–698) | 72 (0–172) | 574 (0–1376) | |
| Proportion of all severe episodes (%) | 3·1% | 1·9% | 2·8% | 3·6% | 5·4% | 5·0% | 4·1% | |
| Influenza | ||||||||
| Episodes (×103) | 172 (86–307) | 84 (56–126) | 155 (57–500) | 52 (33–76) | 273 (78–1094) | 246 (105–597) | 982 (414–2699) | |
| Proportion of all severe episodes (%) | 4·1% | 10·8% | 8·3% | 12·6% | 5·0% | 17·2% | 7·0% | |
| Pneumonia deaths | ||||||||
| S pneumoniae: | ||||||||
| Deaths (×103) | 177 (94–245) | 7 (4–10) | 55 (29–77) | 6 (3–8) | 146 (77–202) | 20 (11–28) | 411 (218–569) | |
| Proportion of pneumonia deaths (%) | 32·7% | 29·1% | 32·9% | 30·8% | 33·0% | 32·8% | 32·7% | |
| H influenzae: | ||||||||
| Deaths (×103) | 70 (9–125) | 2 (0–4) | 19 (3–35) | 3 (0–5) | 92 (13–156) | 12 (2–21) | 197 (27–345) | |
| Proportion of pneumonia deaths (%) | 12·9% | 9·2% | 11·3% | 14·3% | 20·7% | 19·6% | 15·7% | |
| Influenza: | ||||||||
| Deaths (×103) | 60 (16–71) | 3 (1–4) | 19 (5–22) | 0 (0–1) | 49 (13–58) | 7 (2–8) | 137 (38–163) | |
| Proportion of pneumonia deaths (%) | 11·1% | 10·7% | 11·1% | 5·7% | 11·1% | 11·0% | 10·9% | |
Data in parentheses are uncertainty estimates.