Table 2.
Deaths (in thousands) and age-standardised death rates per 100 000 for 231 causes in 1990 and 2010 for all ages, both sexes combined, and percentage change from 1990 to 2010 in China
|
All ages deaths (thousands) |
Age-standardised death rate (per 100 000) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2010 | Median %Δ | 1990 | 2010 | Median %Δ | |||
| All causes | 7997·5 (7663·4–8426·7) | 8303·7 (7939·6–8678·7) | 4·0 | 895·9 (858·8–943·6) | 606·8 (580·7–632·7) | –32·1 | ||
| Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders | 1207·8 (1105·1–1303·8) | 490·4 (441·9–548·5) | –59·5 | 108·5 (100·3–117·4) | 40·7 (36·6–45·2) | –62·5 | ||
| HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis | 169·2 (140·8–200·2) | 80·9 (63·6–100·1) | −52·2 | 18·6 (15·4–22·0) | 5·5 (4·3–6·8) | −70·2 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 169·0 (140·5–200·0) | 44·7 (32·7–54·2) | −73·0 | 18·5 (15·4–21·9) | 3·1 (2·3–3·8) | −82·8 | ||
| HIV/AIDS | 0·2 (0·0–0·6) | 36·2 (25·1–49·2) | 13 860·7 | <0·05 (0·0–0·1) | 2·4 (1·7–3·3) | 9447·6 | ||
| HIV disease resulting in mycobacterial infection | <0·05 (0·0–0·1) | 2·0 (1·4–2·7) | 6050·5 | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | 4159·1 | ||
| HIV disease resulting in other specified or unspecified diseases | 0·2 (0·0–0·5) | 34·2 (23·9–46·7) | 14 809·7 | <0·05 (0·0–0·1) | 2·3 (1·6–3·1) | 10 224·8 | ||
| Diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, meningitis, and other common infectious diseases | 558·4 (492·7–623·3) | 223·2 (188·9–257·3) | −59·9 | 50·6 (45·6–56·5) | 18·2 (15·5–21·1) | −63·9 | ||
| Diarrhoeal diseases | 71·3 (61·5–83·2) | 4·4 (3·7–5·3) | −93·9 | 6·4 (5·6–7·3) | 0·4 (0·3–0·5) | −94·0 | ||
| Cholera | 2·0 (1·2–3·5) | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | −95·3 | 0·2 (0·1–0·3) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −94·0 | ||
| Other salmonella infections | 5·6 (4·0–7·9) | 0·4 (0·3–0·5) | −93·6 | 0·5 (0·4–0·7) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −93·8 | ||
| Shigellosis | 4·8 (3·6–6·5) | 0·3 (0·3–0·5) | −93·1 | 0·5 (0·4–0·6) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −93·9 | ||
| Enteropathogenic E coli infection | 6·6 (4·0–10·2) | 0·3 (0·2–0·5) | −95·4 | 0·5 (0·3–0·8) | <0·05 (0·0–0·1) | −94·1 | ||
| Enterotoxigenic E coli infection | 6·4 (4·8–8·4) | 0·5 (0·3–0·6) | −92·9 | 0·6 (0·5–0·8) | <0·05 (0·0–0·1) | −93·9 | ||
| Campylobacter enteritis | 6·7 (4·3–9·8) | 0·4 (0·3–0·6) | −94·4 | 0·6 (0·4–0·8) | <0·05 (0·0–0·1) | −94·0 | ||
| Amoebiasis | 1·8 (1·3–2·5) | 0·2 (0·1–0·2) | −91·4 | 0·2 (0·1–0·3) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −93·9 | ||
| Cryptosporidiosis | 5·5 (3·4–8·4) | 0·3 (0·2–0·4) | −95·4 | 0·4 (0·3–0·7) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −94·0 | ||
| Rotaviral enteritis | 17·8 (13·1–23·6) | 0·9 (0·6–1·2) | −94·9 | 1·5 (1·1–1·9) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | −94·0 | ||
| Other diarrhoeal diseases | 14·1 (9·6–20·0) | 1·1 (0·8–1·5) | −92·2 | 1·4 (1·0–2·0) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | −93·9 | ||
| Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers | 12·0 (1·4–22·6) | 11·9 (1·4–21·9) | −1·0 | 1·0 (0·1–1·9) | 0·9 (0·1–1·7) | −6·5 | ||
| Lower respiratory infections | 392·4 (342·3–441·9) | 195·2 (162·9–226·3) | −50·1 | 36·4 (32·3–41·5) | 15·9 (13·4–18·5) | −56·2 | ||
| Influenza | 75·2 (61·9–91·1) | 40·8 (33·4–47·9) | −45·5 | 7·1 (6·0–8·6) | 3·3 (2·7–3·9) | −53·7 | ||
| Pneumococcal pneumonia | 89·7 (74·8–107·1) | 60·5 (48·9–72·4) | −32·3 | 9·0 (7·6–10·9) | 4·8 (3·9–5·8) | −46·3 | ||
| H influenzae type B pneumonia | 102·2 (79·6–126·8) | 30·4 (25·5–35·8) | −70·3 | 8·6 (6·8–10·5) | 2·6 (2·2–3·1) | −69·9 | ||
| Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia | 56·1 (39·4–74·7) | 7·3 (5·5–10·0) | −87·2 | 4·3 (3·1–5·7) | 0·8 (0·5–1·1) | −83·0 | ||
| Other lower respiratory infections | 69·2 (53·4–93·3) | 56·2 (43·0–70·0) | −17·5 | 7·3 (5·7–9·6) | 4·5 (3·4–5·6) | −38·2 | ||
| Upper respiratory infections | 0·3 (0·3–0·4) | <0·05 (0·0–0·1) | −89·4 | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −84·9 | ||
| Otitis media | 1·0 (0·0–11·6) | 0·3 (0·0–2·9) | −74·6 | 0·1 (0·0–1·0) | <0·05 (0·0–0·3) | −74·1 | ||
| Meningitis | 30·6 (24·5–34·7) | 7·7 (6·4–10·2) | −76·0 | 2·7 (2·2–3·1) | 0·6 (0·5–0·8) | −78·3 | ||
| Pneumococcal meningitis | 5·8 (4·3–6·9) | 1·4 (1·1–2·0) | −77·0 | 0·5 (0·4–0·6) | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | −79·5 | ||
| H influenzae type B meningitis | 4·8 (3·8–5·9) | 0·9 (0·7–1·2) | −81·1 | 0·4 (0·3–0·5) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | −78·5 | ||
| Meningococcal infection | 4·1 (3·0–4·9) | 1·0 (0·8–1·3) | −77·7 | 0·4 (0·3–0·4) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | −79·6 | ||
| Other meningitis | 15·9 (12·1–18·4) | 4·4 (3·6–6·0) | −74·1 | 1·5 (1·1–1·7) | 0·3 (0·3–0·5) | −78·1 | ||
| Encephalitis | 3·7 (3·0–4·4) | 0·7 (0·5–0·8) | −82·1 | 0·3 (0·2–0·3) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | −78·7 | ||
| Diphtheria | 0·2 (0·0–1·4) | <0·05 (0·0–0·4) | −73·4 | <0·05 (0·0–0·1) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −68·8 | ||
| Whooping cough | 3·3 (0·0–16·4) | 0·5 (0·0–2·2) | −86·0 | 0·3 (0·0–1·3) | <0·05 (0·0–0·2) | −80·6 | ||
| Tetanus | 19·0 (8·9–34·8) | 1·7 (0·5–5·2) | −91·9 | 1·6 (0·7–3·1) | 0·1 (0·0–0·4) | −91·3 | ||
| Measles | 23·7 (7·9–60·2) | 0·4 (0·1–1·1) | −98·3 | 1·8 (0·6–4·6) | <0·05 (0·0–0·1) | −97·7 | ||
| Varicella | 0·8 (0·0–5·5) | 0·5 (0·0–3·7) | −34·0 | 0·1 (0·0–0·5) | <0·05 (0·0–0·3) | −42·6 | ||
| Neglected tropical diseases and malaria | 24·0 (10·9–65·7) | 14·9 (4·7–57·6) | −45·7 | 2·4 (1·0–7·0) | 1·1 (0·3–4·0) | −58·5 | ||
| Malaria | 0·2 (0·1–0·3) | 0·1 (0·0–0·1) | −63·2 | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −72·1 | ||
| Leishmaniasis | 6·5 (2·8–14·7) | 1·8 (0·8–3·6) | −71·2 | 0·6 (0·2–1·2) | 0·1 (0·1–0·3) | −73·5 | ||
| Schistosomiasis | 8·5 (0·0–50·4) | 8·5 (0·0–50·2) | 0·2 | 0·9 (0·0–5·6) | 0·6 (0·0–3·5) | −37·9 | ||
| Cysticercosis | <0·05 (0·0–0·1) | <0·05 (0·0–0·2) | 54·0 | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | 3·8 | ||
| Echinococcosis | 0·6 (0·0–2·3) | 0·4 (0·0–1·6) | −31·5 | 0·1 (0·0–0·2) | <0·05 (0·0–0·1) | −56·1 | ||
| Dengue | 1·0 (0·2–3·2) | 1·0 (0·4–2·3) | 11·6 | 0·1 (0·0–0·3) | 0·1 (0·0–0·2) | −5·6 | ||
| Rabies | 2·0 (1·2–3·2) | 1·2 (0·4–2·2) | −52·6 | 0·2 (0·1–0·3) | 0·1 (0·0–0·2) | −66·1 | ||
| Intestinal nematode infections | 1·4 (0·0–6·7) | 0·3 (0·0–1·7) | −75·3 | 0·1 (0·0–0·5) | <0·05 (0·0–0·2) | −69·9 | ||
| Ascariasis | 1·4 (0·0–6·7) | 0·3 (0·0–1·7) | −75·3 | 0·1 (0·0–0·5) | <0·05 (0·0–0·2) | −69·9 | ||
| Other neglected tropical diseases | 3·9 (1·8–5·3) | 1·5 (0·6–4·1) | −73·0 | 0·4 (0·2–0·5) | 0·1 (0·0–0·3) | −81·1 | ||
| Maternal disorders | 20·6 (15·9–28·5) | 5·0 (3·6–6·3) | −75·7 | 1·6 (1·3–2·2) | 0·3 (0·2–0·4) | −78·2 | ||
| Maternal haemorrhage | 5·6 (4·4–7·7) | 1·6 (1·2–2·1) | −70·5 | 0·4 (0·3–0·6) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | −74·4 | ||
| Maternal sepsis | 3·0 (2·3–4·1) | 0·7 (0·5–0·9) | −75·4 | 0·2 (0·2–0·3) | 0·1 (0·0–0·1) | −77·2 | ||
| Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy | 2·4 (1·9–3·3) | 0·5 (0·4–0·6) | −79·0 | 0·2 (0·1–0·3) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −80·7 | ||
| Obstructed labour | 0·2 (0·2–0·3) | <0·05 (0·0–0·1) | −74·5 | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −77·5 | ||
| Abortion | 3·4 (2·6–4·7) | 0·8 (0·6–1·1) | −75·0 | 0·3 (0·2–0·4) | 0·1 (0·0–0·1) | −77·4 | ||
| Other maternal disorders | 6·0 (4·7–8·3) | 1·2 (0·9–1·5) | −79·6 | 0·5 (0·4–0·7) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | −81·8 | ||
| Neonatal disorders | 343·0 (291·9–394·9) | 83·4 (61·2–102·7) | −75·7 | 26·4 (22·5–30·4) | 9·4 (6·9–11·6) | −64·5 | ||
| Preterm birth complications | 97·4 (69·2–131·7) | 27·6 (20·0–37·3) | −71·6 | 7·5 (5·3–10·2) | 3·1 (2·3–4·2) | −58·4 | ||
| Neonatal encephalopathy (birth asphyxia/birth trauma) | 109·7 (75·2–150·6) | 26·8 (16·4–39·8) | −75·4 | 8·5 (5·8–11·6) | 3·0 (1·9–4·5) | −64·0 | ||
| Sepsis and other infectious disorders of the newborn baby | 5·1 (1·9–11·2) | 1·6 (0·8–3·2) | −65·9 | 0·4 (0·1–0·9) | 0·2 (0·1–0·4) | −50·0 | ||
| Other neonatal disorders | 130·9 (77·9–186·4) | 27·4 (18·0–40·1) | −79·2 | 10·1 (6·0–14·4) | 3·1 (2·0–4·5) | −69·6 | ||
| Nutritional deficiencies | 20·0 (16·8–31·9) | 13·4 (6·8–17·4) | −25·2 | 2·0 (1·7–3·1) | 1·1 (0·5–1·4) | −40·2 | ||
| Protein-energy malnutrition | 14·8 (12·2–20·4) | 9·2 (5·2–12·0) | −36·0 | 1·5 (1·2–2·0) | 0·7 (0·4–1·0) | −47·5 | ||
| Iodine deficiency | 0·2 (0·2–0·2) | 0·2 (0·1–0·3) | 36·2 | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | 12·8 | ||
| Iron-deficiency anaemia | 3·9 (3·3–4·9) | 2·8 (1·6–3·5) | −28·0 | 0·4 (0·3–0·5) | 0·2 (0·1–0·3) | −44·9 | ||
| Other nutritional deficiencies | 1·1 (1·0–1·5) | 1·2 (0·7–1·6) | 9·5 | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | −20·6 | ||
| Other communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders | 72·6 (63·1–82·5) | 69·7 (57·7–78·6) | −4·0 | 7·0 (6·1–7·8) | 5·1 (4·1–5·7) | −27·6 | ||
| Sexually transmitted diseases excluding HIV | 19·2 (11·2–27·8) | 2·7 (1·7–4·3) | −86·8 | 1·7 (0·9–2·5) | 0·3 (0·2–0·4) | −85·0 | ||
| Syphilis | 17·0 (10·7–25·2) | 2·2 (1·3–3·7) | −87·2 | 1·4 (0·9–2·1) | 0·2 (0·1–0·4) | −84·7 | ||
| Sexually transmitted chlamydial diseases | 0·5 (0·2–0·9) | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | −84·1 | 0·1 (0·0–0·1) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −89·3 | ||
| Gonococcal infection | 0·4 (0·1–0·7) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | −84·0 | <0·05 (0·0–0·1) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −89·3 | ||
| Other sexually transmitted diseases | 1·3 (0·4–2·2) | 0·3 (0·2–0·5) | −84·0 | 0·1 (0·0–0·2) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −89·3 | ||
| Hepatitis | 33·3 (30·1–36·7) | 43·8 (37·7–50·7) | 30·9 | 3·4 (3·1–3·8) | 3·0 (2·5–3·4) | −13·5 | ||
| Acute hepatitis A | 7·0 (3·1–16·9) | 5·2 (1·8–17·7) | −29·4 | 0·7 (0·3–1·7) | 0·4 (0·1–1·2) | −53·6 | ||
| Acute hepatitis B | 21·3 (16·6–27·9) | 35·1 (23·5–44·1) | 67·8 | 2·3 (1·8–3·0) | 2·3 (1·6–3·0) | 7·0 | ||
| Acute hepatitis C | 0·7 (0·4–1·1) | 1·2 (0·8–1·6) | 88·2 | 0·1 (0·0–0·1) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | 16·0 | ||
| Acute hepatitis E | 4·2 (2·3–7·1) | 2·3 (1·1–4·1) | −47·3 | 0·3 (0·2–0·6) | 0·2 (0·1–0·3) | −52·0 | ||
| Other infectious diseases | 20·1 (16·6–27·2) | 23·2 (13·0–28·5) | 22·9 | 1·9 (1·6–2·5) | 1·8 (1·0–2·3) | 2·5 | ||
| Non-communicable diseases | 5937·8 (5679·4–6331·6) | 7017·1 (6663·3–7310·2) | 18·7 | 708·5 (678·0–754·9) | 509·4 (483·6–530·3) | –27·8 | ||
| Neoplasms | 1503·6 (1362·6–1710·4) | 2133·5 (1905·4–2314·6) | 43·1 | 170·0 (154·5–193·7) | 148·0 (131·9–160·4) | −12·0 | ||
| Oesophageal cancer | 168·8 (138·0–225·8) | 176·0 (117·9–224·7) | 10·1 | 19·8 (16·1–26·3) | 12·3 (8·2–15·8) | −34·4 | ||
| Stomach cancer | 297·4 (228·5–403·4) | 297·0 (209·5–385·3) | 0·0 | 34·3 (26·3–46·6) | 20·8 (14·7–27·0) | −39·2 | ||
| Liver cancer | 238·6 (199·6–283·9) | 369·7 (322·0–467·0) | 54·0 | 26·5 (22·3–31·7) | 25·0 (21·6–31·4) | −6·4 | ||
| Liver cancer secondary to hepatitis B | 128·5 (107·6–153·3) | 200·8 (170·0–253·6) | 55·4 | 14·3 (12·0–17·0) | 13·5 (11·4–16·9) | −5·6 | ||
| Liver cancer secondary to hepatitis C | 42·5 (36·1–51·8) | 71·8 (60·0–89·4) | 69·8 | 4·9 (4·2–6·0) | 4·9 (4·1–6·1) | 1·5 | ||
| Liver cancer secondary to alcohol use | 44·4 (36·2–53·5) | 67·5 (56·2–87·6) | 51·4 | 4·9 (4·0–5·9) | 4·5 (3·8–5·8) | −8·2 | ||
| Other liver cancer | 23·3 (19·1–28·5) | 29·5 (24·3–39·3) | 25·1 | 2·4 (2·0–2·9) | 1·9 (1·6–2·6) | −21·2 | ||
| Larynx cancer | 9·8 (4·4–18·8) | 13·5 (5·6–25·3) | 34·8 | 1·1 (0·5–2·2) | 0·9 (0·4–1·8) | −19·3 | ||
| Trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers | 260·2 (216·2–372·9) | 513·3 (353·4–598·5) | 109·5 | 30·0 (25·0–43·2) | 35·8 (24·5–41·8) | 27·2 | ||
| Breast cancer | 29·2 (27·9–30·5) | 52·5 (47·4–59·6) | 78·4 | 3·3 (3·1–3·4) | 3·5 (3·1–3·9) | 5·0 | ||
| Cervical cancer | 20·7 (13·2–30·7) | 25·4 (12·4–32·5) | 31·3 | 2·4 (1·5–3·5) | 1·7 (0·8–2·2) | −24·5 | ||
| Uterine cancer | 5·4 (3·7–11·8) | 10·5 (3·7–13·8) | 139·3 | 0·6 (0·4–1·3) | 0·7 (0·3–0·9) | 42·8 | ||
| Prostate cancer | 3·9 (2·4–7·0) | 11·3 (4·7–17·6) | 138·2 | 0·5 (0·3–0·9) | 0·9 (0·4–1·3) | 43·7 | ||
| Colon and rectum cancers | 93·0 (76·9–105·2) | 150·4 (130·5–186·1) | 59·4 | 10·7 (8·9–12·1) | 10·6 (9·1–13·0) | −2·3 | ||
| Mouth cancer | 7·5 (6·2–8·5) | 14·0 (10·3–18·4) | 87·1 | 0·9 (0·7–1·0) | 1·0 (0·7–1·3) | 12·6 | ||
| Nasopharynx cancer | 22·1 (15·2–32·4) | 34·4 (21·1–48·9) | 49·5 | 2·4 (1·7–3·6) | 2·3 (1·4–3·2) | −9·1 | ||
| Cancer of other part of pharynx and oropharynx | 4·1 (2·5–5·5) | 5·1 (3·6–8·3) | 20·9 | 0·5 (0·3–0·6) | 0·3 (0·2–0·6) | −26·1 | ||
| Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer | 17·8 (12·7–27·3) | 29·8 (19·5–40·5) | 67·6 | 2·1 (1·5–3·2) | 2·1 (1·4–2·9) | 1·7 | ||
| Pancreatic cancer | 32·1 (24·9–43·1) | 58·2 (43·2–74·8) | 82·9 | 3·7 (2·9–5·0) | 4·0 (3·0–5·2) | 9·4 | ||
| Malignant melanoma of skin | 2·7 (1·4–3·4) | 6·7 (4·5–11·4) | 131·5 | 0·3 (0·2–0·4) | 0·5 (0·3–0·8) | 45·8 | ||
| Non-melanoma skin cancer | 3·2 (1·5–5·8) | 4·5 (2·4–8·1) | 41·1 | 0·4 (0·2–0·7) | 0·3 (0·2–0·6) | −15·7 | ||
| Ovarian cancer | 14·4 (9·8–18·4) | 20·7 (13·6–29·1) | 34·4 | 1·6 (1·1–2·0) | 1·4 (0·9–1·9) | −18·7 | ||
| Testicular cancer | 1·0 (0·5–1·4) | 0·8 (0·4–1·5) | −18·3 | 0·1 (0·0–0·1) | 0·1 (0·0–0·1) | −43·5 | ||
| Kidney and other urinary organ cancers | 13·7 (9·9–19·5) | 32·0 (22·5–41·4) | 134·9 | 1·5 (1·1–2·2) | 2·2 (1·6–2·9) | 47·2 | ||
| Bladder cancer | 14·5 (12·3–18·6) | 22·9 (17·6–28·2) | 59·2 | 1·8 (1·5–2·2) | 1·7 (1·3–2·1) | −4·2 | ||
| Brain and nervous system cancers | 35·5 (23·1–48·4) | 48·9 (29·3–67·1) | 38·0 | 3·8 (2·5–5·2) | 3·3 (2·0–4·6) | −11·5 | ||
| Thyroid cancer | 4·8 (3·7–6·5) | 8·1 (5·7–10·6) | 69·5 | 0·5 (0·4–0·7) | 0·6 (0·4–0·7) | 4·9 | ||
| Hodgkin's disease | 1·5 (1·0–2·2) | 1·2 (0·7–1·7) | −20·2 | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | −43·0 | ||
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 21·0 (17·8–24·3) | 27·7 (22·6–33·7) | 30·3 | 2·2 (1·9–2·6) | 2·0 (1·6–2·4) | −13·9 | ||
| Multiple myeloma | 5·1 (3·5–7·8) | 9·4 (5·4–13·3) | 90·2 | 0·5 (0·4–0·8) | 0·7 (0·4–0·9) | 21·4 | ||
| Leukaemia | 53·0 (42·3–67·5) | 58·0 (44·2–69·2) | 13·7 | 4·9 (3·9–6·2) | 4·2 (3·2–5·0) | −10·5 | ||
| Other neoplasms | 122·5 (84·9–149·0) | 131·6 (95·7–171·3) | 6·3 | 13·4 (9·3–16·4) | 9·2 (6·7–11·9) | −32·1 | ||
| Cardiovascular and circulatory diseases | 2167·5 (2054·9–2462·4) | 3136·2 (2827·1–3274·6) | 47·4 | 267·7 (253·5–304·4) | 230·8 (207·4–241·1) | −12·2 | ||
| Rheumatic heart disease | 131·4 (120·1–147·3) | 57·1 (49·8–63·0) | −56·4 | 14·9 (13·7–16·8) | 4·0 (3·5–4·5) | −72·7 | ||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 450·3 (409·2–594·5) | 948·7 (774·5–1024·6) | 120·3 | 55·7 (50·6–73·9) | 70·1 (57·2–76·0) | 31·6 | ||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1340·6 (1237·6–1623·2) | 1726·7 (1463·2–1848·6) | 34·5 | 167·0 (154·5–201·6) | 126·9 (107·9–135·8) | −20·8 | ||
| Ischaemic stroke | 426·4 (304·4–639·7) | 609·6 (478·3–808·4) | 44·7 | 56·3 (40·8–83·3) | 46·7 (36·7–61·6) | −16·2 | ||
| Haemorrhagic and other non-ischemic stroke | 914·2 (657·9–1146·4) | 1117·2 (887·1–1359·1) | 22·1 | 110·7 (79·1–139·5) | 80·2 (63·8–97·9) | −27·7 | ||
| Hypertensive heart disease | 133·7 (106·7–174·0) | 172·9 (136·4–210·6) | 31·5 | 16·9 (13·4–21·8) | 12·8 (10·1–15·7) | −22·8 | ||
| Cardiomyopathy and myocarditis | 32·6 (20·4–48·1) | 35·2 (24·5–49·5) | 8·8 | 3·6 (2·3–5·1) | 2·5 (1·8–3·6) | −28·5 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation and flutter | 4·8 (1·9–10·3) | 12·9 (5·6–26·6) | 175·1 | 0·6 (0·2–1·5) | 1·0 (0·4–2·1) | 58·7 | ||
| Aortic aneurysm | 36·3 (12·9–62·6) | 58·2 (30·7–90·3) | 61·4 | 4·5 (1·6–7·8) | 4·3 (2·2–6·6) | −3·9 | ||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3·3 (1·2–6·6) | 9·1 (4·1–17·2) | 180·4 | 0·4 (0·1–0·9) | 0·7 (0·3–1·3) | 63·7 | ||
| Endocarditis | 9·5 (6·8–12·8) | 12·4 (9·8–15·8) | 31·6 | 1·0 (0·7–1·3) | 0·9 (0·7–1·1) | −8·4 | ||
| Other cardiovascular and circulatory diseases | 25·0 (20·1–31·1) | 103·0 (94·5–112·6) | 318·5 | 3·1 (2·5–3·9) | 7·5 (6·9–8·3) | 148·6 | ||
| Chronic respiratory diseases | 1496·5 (1444·7–1550·5) | 1022·9 (965·4–1089·3) | −31·8 | 189·0 (182·1–196·2) | 77·2 (72·8–82·3) | −59·3 | ||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1426·9 (1340·1–1509·5) | 934·4 (846·6–1032·3) | −34·3 | 180·7 (169·9–190·9) | 70·6 (64·0–78·1) | −60·8 | ||
| Pneumoconiosis | 6·1 (3·6–10·6) | 4·1 (1·9–7·2) | −32·7 | 0·7 (0·4–1·3) | 0·3 (0·1–0·5) | −59·1 | ||
| Asthma | 25·2 (16·9–34·8) | 19·9 (16·6–27·3) | −22·2 | 3·1 (2·1–4·3) | 1·5 (1·2–2·0) | −52·7 | ||
| Interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis | 5·0 (2·8–8·0) | 8·6 (4·8–12·9) | 73·6 | 0·6 (0·3–0·9) | 0·6 (0·3–0·9) | 6·9 | ||
| Other chronic respiratory diseases | 33·4 (25·8–43·2) | 55·9 (33·6–69·0) | 72·4 | 4·0 (3·0–5·2) | 4·2 (2·6–5·2) | 9·2 | ||
| Cirrhosis of the liver | 174·9 (127·0–198·9) | 114·4 (90·0–187·8) | −45·7 | 19·6 (14·2–22·3) | 7·7 (6·1–12·7) | −67·3 | ||
| Cirrhosis of the liver secondary to hepatitis B | 78·7 (55·0–93·1) | 52·3 (39·3–86·5) | −44·1 | 9·0 (6·2–10·6) | 3·5 (2·7–5·9) | −66·7 | ||
| Cirrhosis of the liver secondary to hepatitis C | 37·9 (25·9–44·5) | 24·5 (18·8–40·7) | −45·2 | 4·4 (3·0–5·2) | 1·7 (1·3–2·8) | −67·5 | ||
| Cirrhosis of the liver secondary to alcohol use | 35·9 (24·2–43·7) | 25·3 (18·8–42·9) | −41·0 | 4·0 (2·7–4·9) | 1·7 (1·3–2·9) | −64·5 | ||
| Other cirrhosis of the liver | 22·4 (15·5–26·9) | 12·3 (9·0–20·8) | −54·2 | 2·3 (1·6–2·8) | 0·8 (0·6–1·4) | −70·5 | ||
| Digestive diseases (except cirrhosis) | 163·4 (142·8–181·2) | 133·0 (116·8–153·1) | −19·0 | 19·1 (16·7–21·2) | 9·7 (8·5–11·2) | −49·4 | ||
| Peptic ulcer disease | 54·9 (41·4–61·0) | 19·3 (16·5–23·2) | −65·4 | 6·5 (4·9–7·3) | 1·4 (1·2–1·7) | −78·9 | ||
| Gastritis and duodenitis | 2·5 (1·2–5·7) | 1·3 (0·8–2·7) | −43·8 | 0·3 (0·1–0·7) | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | −64·1 | ||
| Appendicitis | 5·6 (3·3–7·7) | 1·4 (0·9–2·5) | −76·7 | 0·6 (0·4–0·8) | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | −84·2 | ||
| Paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction without hernia | 17·3 (9·7–21·7) | 11·2 (7·8–18·9) | −44·6 | 1·9 (1·1–2·3) | 0·8 (0·6–1·4) | −62·0 | ||
| Inguinal or femoral hernia | 2·0 (1·9–2·0) | 1·1 (1·0–1·1) | −43·4 | 0·2 (0·2–0·2) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | −65·9 | ||
| Non-infective inflammatory bowel disease | 2·8 (1·0–4·9) | 2·4 (1·2–3·9) | −10·0 | 0·3 (0·1–0·5) | 0·2 (0·1–0·3) | −38·9 | ||
| Vascular disorders of intestine | 6·0 (1·8–17·6) | 10·3 (3·8–26·5) | 86·0 | 0·7 (0·2–2·2) | 0·8 (0·3–2·0) | 11·6 | ||
| Gall bladder and bile duct disease | 15·5 (11·3–21·1) | 18·2 (11·5–27·1) | 16·5 | 1·8 (1·3–2·5) | 1·3 (0·8–2·0) | −26·4 | ||
| Pancreatitis | 6·2 (3·2–9·6) | 8·3 (5·2–11·5) | 34·7 | 0·7 (0·4–1·1) | 0·6 (0·4–0·8) | −18·0 | ||
| Other digestive diseases | 50·7 (33·2–63·2) | 59·5 (45·7–91·5) | 11·1 | 6·0 (3·9–7·5) | 4·3 (3·3–6·6) | −31·1 | ||
| Neurological disorders | 58·5 (46·1–74·8) | 80·6 (65·1–112·4) | 34·5 | 6·5 (5·1–8·3) | 6·1 (4·9–8·5) | −8·9 | ||
| Alzheimer's disease and other dementias | 25·8 (17·0–35·8) | 50·0 (36·8–77·6) | 87·9 | 3·4 (2·2–4·8) | 3·9 (2·8–6·1) | 13·0 | ||
| Parkinson's disease | 4·1 (2·4–5·9) | 7·3 (4·7–11·3) | 73·6 | 0·5 (0·3–0·7) | 0·5 (0·3–0·8) | 9·5 | ||
| Epilepsy | 18·7 (12·0–23·0) | 12·2 (10·4–17·8) | −37·3 | 1·7 (1·1–2·0) | 0·9 (0·7–1·3) | −50·1 | ||
| Multiple sclerosis | 3·2 (1·3–5·3) | 1·6 (1·0–2·6) | −54·2 | 0·3 (0·1–0·6) | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | −71·8 | ||
| Other neurological disorders | 6·6 (3·6–17·1) | 9·5 (5·3–18·8) | 53·9 | 0·7 (0·4–1·6) | 0·7 (0·4–1·4) | 12·6 | ||
| Mental and behavioural disorders | 23·3 (15·0–30·0) | 20·7 (16·7–29·8) | −16·9 | 2·4 (1·6–3·1) | 1·4 (1·1–2·1) | −44·4 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 12·6 (8·3–16·0) | 8·9 (7·1–14·1) | −33·4 | 1·3 (0·9–1·7) | 0·6 (0·5–1·0) | −57·7 | ||
| Alcohol use disorders | 3·3 (1·7–7·1) | 4·6 (2·3–8·2) | 44·6 | 0·3 (0·2–0·7) | 0·3 (0·2–0·5) | −7·8 | ||
| Drug use disorders | 3·2 (0·5–6·6) | 4·8 (3·2–10·5) | 41·3 | 0·3 (0·1–0·6) | 0·3 (0·2–0·8) | 12·8 | ||
| Opioid use disorders | 1·0 (0·2–2·0) | 1·5 (1·0–3·4) | 45·1 | 0·1 (0·0–0·2) | 0·1 (0·1–0·3) | 15·6 | ||
| Cocaine use disorders | 0·1 (0·0–0·3) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −96·7 | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −97·4 | ||
| Amphetamine use disorders | 0·1 (0·0–0·1) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −93·4 | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −94·7 | ||
| Other drug use disorders | 2·0 (0·3–4·1) | 3·2 (2·1–6·7) | 53·5 | 0·2 (0·0–0·4) | 0·2 (0·2–0·5) | 22·3 | ||
| Eating disorders | 1·5 (0·4–2·6) | 0·7 (0·5–1·4) | −69·1 | 0·1 (0·0–0·3) | 0·1 (0·0–0·1) | −76·9 | ||
| Other mental and behavioural disorders | 2·7 (0·8–4·7) | 1·6 (1·0–3·2) | −63·4 | 0·3 (0·1–0·5) | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | −74·8 | ||
| Diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases | 186·2 (158·2–245·1) | 294·9 (252·1–323·1) | 65·3 | 20·6 (17·6–27·3) | 21·3 (18·2–23·3) | 7·9 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 70·5 (64·2–102·4) | 160·1 (123·7–176·2) | 141·6 | 8·0 (7·3–11·8) | 11·5 (8·8–12·7) | 52·3 | ||
| Acute glomerulonephritis | 16·2 (1·7–61·4) | 3·0 (1·1–6·4) | −72·0 | 1·7 (0·2–6·5) | 0·2 (0·1–0·5) | −80·5 | ||
| Chronic kidney diseases | 53·9 (47·6–75·5) | 82·0 (66·6–93·1) | 62·0 | 6·0 (5·3–8·4) | 5·8 (4·7–6·6) | 2·5 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus | 8·8 (7·2–12·6) | 14·5 (11·5–17·4) | 75·9 | 1·0 (0·8–1·5) | 1·0 (0·8–1·2) | 5·7 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease due to hypertension | 10·5 (9·0–14·9) | 16·6 (13·3–19·2) | 66·8 | 1·2 (1·0–1·7) | 1·2 (0·9–1·4) | 3·4 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease unspecified | 34·6 (30·0–48·5) | 51·0 (41·3–58·7) | 57·1 | 3·8 (3·3–5·3) | 3·6 (2·9–4·2) | 1·5 | ||
| Urinary diseases and male infertility | 14·8 (7·9–20·1) | 13·0 (9·8–20·1) | −19·4 | 1·7 (0·9–2·3) | 1·0 (0·7–1·5) | −47·8 | ||
| Tubulointerstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis, and urinary tract infections | 7·8 (4·5–11·0) | 8·5 (6·4–12·7) | 7·7 | 0·9 (0·5–1·2) | 0·6 (0·5–0·9) | −27·7 | ||
| Urolithiasis | 5·6 (2·3–12·5) | 3·0 (0·9–7·8) | −46·9 | 0·7 (0·3–1·5) | 0·2 (0·1–0·6) | −67·3 | ||
| Other urinary diseases | 1·5 (0·8–2·0) | 1·5 (1·1–2·5) | −3·7 | 0·2 (0·1–0·2) | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | −40·0 | ||
| Gynaecological diseases | 2·7 (2·0–3·7) | 1·7 (1·3–2·2) | −38·3 | 0·3 (0·2–0·4) | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | −58·3 | ||
| Uterine fibroids | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −76·8 | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −75·2 | ||
| Endometriosis | 0·0 (0·0–0·0) | 0·0 (0·0–0·0) | 0·0 | 0·0 (0·0–0·0) | 0·0 (0·0–0·0) | 0·0 | ||
| Genital prolapse | 0·1 (0·0–0·1) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −36·1 | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −58·9 | ||
| Other gynaecological diseases | 2·6 (1·9–3·7) | 1·6 (1·3–2·2) | −38·2 | 0·3 (0·2–0·4) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | −58·1 | ||
| Haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias | 20·5 (8·1–39·0) | 15·2 (8·5–24·5) | −23·6 | 2·1 (0·8–4·0) | 1·2 (0·6–1·8) | −43·8 | ||
| Thalassaemias | 7·5 (4·3–13·5) | 3·7 (2·7–4·8) | −49·3 | 0·6 (0·4–1·1) | 0·3 (0·2–0·4) | −54·8 | ||
| Sickle cell disorders | 0·1 (0·0–0·1) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −43·4 | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −53·2 | ||
| G6PD deficiency | 0·8 (0·5–1·5) | 0·6 (0·5–0·8) | −21·9 | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | <0·05 (0·0–0·1) | −42·3 | ||
| Other haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias | 12·1 (4·3–25·2) | 10·8 (4·5–20·1) | −4·3 | 1·4 (0·5–2·9) | 0·8 (0·3–1·6) | −36·6 | ||
| Other endocrine, nutritional, blood, and immune disorders | 7·5 (4·7–13·3) | 20·0 (10·7–30·7) | 176·8 | 0·7 (0·5–1·4) | 1·5 (0·8–2·3) | 119·2 | ||
| Musculoskeletal disorders | 17·3 (9·7–22·4) | 26·2 (19·3–40·7) | 41·2 | 2·0 (1·1–2·5) | 1·9 (1·4–2·9) | −11·2 | ||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 8·9 (5·2–11·8) | 11·3 (7·9–16·6) | 22·9 | 1·1 (0·6–1·4) | 0·8 (0·6–1·2) | −24·2 | ||
| Other musculoskeletal disorders | 8·3 (3·6–12·0) | 14·9 (11·6–25·1) | 55·3 | 0·9 (0·4–1·3) | 1·1 (0·8–1·8) | 2·5 | ||
| Other non-communicable diseases | 146·6 (122·3–195·6) | 54·8 (42·8–73·6) | −62·8 | 11·6 (9·7–15·4) | 5·4 (4·1–7·4) | −54·0 | ||
| Congenital anomalies | 130·1 (106·0–176·9) | 45·7 (33·5–65·1) | −65·0 | 10·0 (8·2–13·6) | 4·6 (3·4–6·7) | −53·9 | ||
| Neural tube defects | 25·0 (11·6–43·5) | 3·2 (1·7–6·6) | −87·5 | 1·9 (0·9–3·4) | 0·3 (0·2–0·7) | −82·7 | ||
| Congenital heart anomalies | 73·4 (63·2–86·0) | 31·3 (24·6–40·4) | −57·5 | 5·6 (4·9–6·6) | 3·2 (2·5–4·1) | −44·1 | ||
| Cleft lip and cleft palate | 4·3 (1·1–11·9) | 0·7 (0·3–1·5) | −81·1 | 0·3 (0·1–0·9) | 0·1 (0·0–0·2) | −72·4 | ||
| Down's syndrome | 2·1 (0·9–4·3) | 0·9 (0·6–1·3) | −56·4 | 0·2 (0·1–0·3) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | −50·1 | ||
| Other chromosomal abnormalities | 11·4 (2·6–35·8) | 2·9 (1·3–6·9) | −69·5 | 0·9 (0·2–2·8) | 0·3 (0·1–0·8) | −58·6 | ||
| Other congenital anomalies | 14·0 (3·4–32·5) | 6·8 (4·1–13·6) | −43·5 | 1·1 (0·3–2·5) | 0·7 (0·4–1·4) | −28·4 | ||
| Skin and subcutaneous diseases | 12·7 (9·0–15·3) | 7·4 (5·5–9·0) | −41·7 | 1·3 (1·0–1·6) | 0·6 (0·4–0·7) | −57·0 | ||
| Cellulitis | 3·4 (2·4–4·2) | 1·6 (1·3–1·9) | −53·1 | 0·3 (0·2–0·4) | 0·1 (0·1–0·1) | −64·6 | ||
| Abscess, impetigo, and other bacterial skin diseases | 5·5 (3·6–6·9) | 2·3 (1·8–2·7) | −58·4 | 0·5 (0·4–0·6) | 0·2 (0·1–0·2) | −66·6 | ||
| Decubitus ulcer | 3·7 (2·9–4·7) | 3·5 (2·4–4·5) | −7·7 | 0·5 (0·4–0·6) | 0·3 (0·2–0·4) | −41·4 | ||
| Other skin and subcutaneous diseases | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −64·6 | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | <0·05 (0·0–0·05) | −69·8 | ||
| Sudden infant death syndrome | 3·8 (0·8–15·1) | 1·6 (0·5–4·3) | −49·6 | 0·3 (0·1–1·1) | 0·2 (0·1–0·5) | −26·8 | ||
| Injuries | 851·9 (738·8–968·8) | 796·2 (697·4–992·5) | –9·9 | 78·9 (68·7–89·3) | 56·7 (49·8–70·4) | –30·5 | ||
| Transport injuries | 159·5 (108·6–245·1) | 287·0 (204·7–415·0) | 79·0 | 14·7 (9·8–22·3) | 19·8 (14·2–28·6) | 33·5 | ||
| Road injury | 155·5 (105·5–231·8) | 282·6 (205·2–414·9) | 90·3 | 14·3 (9·7–21·2) | 19·5 (14·2–28·6) | 42·4 | ||
| Pedestrian injury by road vehicle | 34·7 (16·1–57·7) | 105·4 (75·3–142·1) | 188·9 | 3·2 (1·5–5·3) | 7·2 (5·2–9·6) | 113·8 | ||
| Pedal cycle vehicle | 6·0 (3·3–9·9) | 8·8 (4·8–13·0) | 48·2 | 0·6 (0·3–0·9) | 0·6 (0·3–0·9) | 11·2 | ||
| Motorised vehicle with two wheels | 33·2 (18·5–51·8) | 48·7 (37·5–62·1) | 48·6 | 3·0 (1·7–4·7) | 3·3 (2·6–4·2) | 12·4 | ||
| Motorised vehicle with three or more wheels | 34·5 (21·0–48·7) | 74·0 (55·2–92·9) | 111·5 | 3·1 (1·9–4·5) | 5·1 (3·8–6·4) | 59·8 | ||
| Road injury other | 47·1 (9·8–114·0) | 45·7 (10·1–122·0) | −5·8 | 4·4 (0·9–10·6) | 3·2 (0·7–8·6) | −28·0 | ||
| Other transport injury | 4·0 (1·9–6·5) | 4·4 (2·5–7·2) | 7·3 | 0·4 (0·2–0·6) | 0·3 (0·2–0·5) | −18·3 | ||
| Unintentional injuries other than transport injuries | 458·6 (412·0–508·7) | 316·4 (277·2–349·5) | −30·7 | 41·9 (38·2–46·4) | 23·6 (20·7–26·1) | −43·6 | ||
| Falls | 88·1 (75·4–109·8) | 115·3 (89·1–136·0) | 32·9 | 9·7 (8·2–12·2) | 8·5 (6·6–10·0) | −11·7 | ||
| Drowning | 147·4 (107·8–175·8) | 67·4 (56·7–93·2) | −56·5 | 12·2 (9·1–14·4) | 5·5 (4·5–7·7) | −57·4 | ||
| Fire, heat, and hot substances | 15·8 (12·7–19·9) | 10·7 (8·4–15·4) | −33·7 | 1·6 (1·3–2·0) | 0·8 (0·6–1·2) | −51·5 | ||
| Poisonings | 52·7 (39·6–93·6) | 37·0 (19·3–49·0) | −14·5 | 4·9 (3·7–8·8) | 2·6 (1·4–3·4) | −37·1 | ||
| Exposure to mechanical forces | 30·8 (23·1–44·0) | 21·0 (12·2–27·0) | −28·0 | 2·8 (2·1–4·1) | 1·4 (0·8–1·8) | −45·2 | ||
| Mechanical forces (firearm) | 11·4 (4·8–19·6) | 3·6 (1·5–6·8) | −69·3 | 1·0 (0·4–1·8) | 0·2 (0·1–0·5) | −76·2 | ||
| Mechanical forces (other) | 19·4 (9·3–36·9) | 17·4 (7·1–28·0) | −5·8 | 1·8 (0·8–3·4) | 1·2 (0·5–1·9) | −28·8 | ||
| Adverse effects of medical treatment | 4·2 (1·9–7·0) | 7·0 (4·3–10·2) | 72·4 | 0·4 (0·2–0·6) | 0·5 (0·3–0·8) | 34·1 | ||
| Animal contact | 8·0 (3·4–14·5) | 3·0 (1·3–5·3) | −61·7 | 0·8 (0·3–1·4) | 0·2 (0·1–0·4) | −71·0 | ||
| Animal contact (venomous) | 3·5 (1·2–9·1) | 1·2 (0·5–2·5) | −60·8 | 0·3 (0·1–0·9) | 0·1 (0·0–0·2) | −71·2 | ||
| Animal contact (non-venomous) | 4·5 (1·5–9·6) | 1·8 (0·8–3·4) | −59·3 | 0·4 (0·1–0·9) | 0·1 (0·1–0·3) | −68·1 | ||
| Unintentional injuries not classified elsewhere | 111·6 (81·2–128·8) | 55·0 (39·9–62·4) | −50·8 | 9·5 (7·0–10·8) | 4·1 (3·1–4·7) | −56·9 | ||
| Self-harm and interpersonal violence | 233·7 (157·5–278·0) | 192·9 (152·2–309·3) | −29·4 | 22·3 (15·4–26·7) | 13·4 (10·5–21·3) | −48·5 | ||
| Self-harm | 206·1 (132·3–248·9) | 173·0 (134·6–286·0) | −28·5 | 20·0 (13·1–24·6) | 12·0 (9·3–19·7) | −48·6 | ||
| Interpersonal violence | 27·7 (18·5–35·4) | 19·9 (15·3–33·3) | −36·0 | 2·3 (1·6–3·0) | 1·4 (1·1–2·3) | −47·0 | ||
| Assault by firearm | 4·9 (2·0–10·3) | 2·2 (1·2–3·9) | −54·7 | 0·4 (0·2–0·9) | 0·1 (0·1–0·3) | −63·8 | ||
| Assault by sharp object | 7·3 (3·6–12·0) | 6·1 (3·9–9·7) | −13·2 | 0·6 (0·3–1·0) | 0·4 (0·3–0·7) | −27·7 | ||
| Assault by other means | 15·5 (10·1–21·5) | 11·7 (7·5–17·4) | −23·9 | 1·3 (0·9–1·8) | 0·8 (0·5–1·2) | −36·9 | ||
Data are deaths (95% UI) or % change. 95% UIs are shown in parentheses. Percentage change is computed for 1000 draws of each quantity in 1990 and 2010 and median percentage change is reported. UI=uncertainty interval. DALYs=disability-adjusted life-years. %Δ=percentage change. E coli=Escherichia coli. H influenzae=Haemophilus influenzae.