Table 1.

The association between environmental viruses and HERV elements and the downstream effects

Virus	HERV element	Downstream effect	References
HSV‐1	Matrix protein Gag protein	Oligodendrotoxic and immunopathogenic	Ruprecht et al.,144
HHV‐6	HERV‐W Env and pol proteins	Synergy; interaction with HHV‐6 U94/rep and DNA‐pol	Nexo et al.,145 Perron et al.,146
EBV	HERV‐W genes	Increased HERV‐W Env transcripts in PBMCs of IM patients; correlation of EBNA IgG levels with HERV gene expression levels in healthy, latently infected individuals (ie with anti‐EBNA‐1 titres >600)	Perron et al.,146
EBV	HERV‐K18 env protein	Endothelial permeability; Proinflammatory reactions	Tai et al.,147