Figure 2. Emergence of multicellularity across prokaryotes and the presence of the newly-identified conflict systems.

Tree of prokaryotic life (left) with general description and illustrations of known multicellular arrangements within clades (center) juxtaposed against presence/absence of the described systems (right). Coloring of clade labels matches multicellular descriptions. On the right, the fraction of organisms containing a system within a specific clade from the curated database (Materials and methods) is color-coded according to bottom legend. The first column on the right provides the fraction of known multicellular organisms within a clade in the curated database.

Figure 2—figure supplement 1. Hypergeometric distributions of the expected and observed number of multicellular prokaryotic organisms in each system type.

System type is labeled above each distribution, with p-value and total number of systems identified (n = sum of multicellular and non-multicellular systems). Dashed vertical red lines are plotted at the number of observed systems found in multicellular organisms.