Table 1:

Summary of LCN2 Expression Levels in Human Subjects with Pancreatic Diseases.

Pancreatic Disease	Biospecimen	Detection Method	LCN2 Expression (Summary)	Year + Ref.
PDAC	Tissue (core biopsy)	RT-PCR IHC	↑ in tumor tissue vs. normal tissue	2006 61
	Tissue	IHC	Predominantly expressed in PanIN-1 and PanIN-2 lesions	2008 43
	Tissue	IHC	↑ with increasing PanIN score	2008 53
	Serum	ELISA	↑ in PC with diabetes ↓ after surgical removal of PDAC	2013 56
	Plasma	ELISA	↑ in PDAC compared to healthy controls	2013 60
	Cyst Fluid	ARCHITECHT Analyzer	↑ in inflammatory cystic group over cystic neoplasm	2018 68
	Serum	ELISA	↑ in familial pancreatic cancer	2018 54
CP vs. PDAC	Plasma	ELISA	↑ in CP and PDAC patients, but could not differentiate CP from PDAC	2013 52
	Urine Bile	ELISA	Differentiated PDAC from CP	201667
	Serum + Plasma	ELISA	↑ in PDAC compared to CP and normal	2017 26
AP	Serum	ELISA	↑ between 24 and 48 hours and differentiated mild vs. severe AP	2010 71
	Serum	Fluorescent Immunoassay Triage®	↑ compared to ventilated patients without pancreatitis	2013 75
	Urine Serum	ARCHITECHT Analyzer ELISA	Mild ↑ in urine between 24 and 72h No significant change in serum	2016 72
	Serum	ELISA	↑ but no significant different between mild and severe	201673
	Urine	Urinalysis	↑ correlates with severity	2016 76
	Serum	MILLIPLEX MAP human metabolic magnetic beads	↑ after AP Mild ↑ associated with RAP, but not significant	2017 77
Diabetes Mellitus	Serum		↑ in type 2 diabetes mellitus	201356

AP, acute pancreatitis; CP, chronic pancreatitis; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IHC, immunohistochemistry