Table 1.
Group demographic and clinical characteristics.
| SUD (n = 40) | OUD (n = 20) | CTL (n = 30) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | % | % | % | Statistics | Three Group Differences |
| Female | 58 | 45 | 53 | χ2(2) = 0.66, p = .68 | None |
| Native American | 28 | 20 | 7 | χ2(2) = 4.88, p = .09 | None |
| White | 58 | 70 | 80 | χ2(2) = 4.03, p = .13 | None |
| Education | % | % | % | Statistics | Three Group Differences |
| Did not Finish HS | 23 | 20 | 0 | χ2(4) = 9.34, p = .06 | None |
| Finished HS/GED | 32 | 25 | 27 | ||
| Some College | 45 | 55 | 73 | ||
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | Statistics | Three Group Differences | |
| Age (years) | 32.72 (6.56) | 31.06 (8.56) | 28.53 (9.58) | F(2, 87) = 2.28, p = .11 | None |
| CDDR1 | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | Statistics | User Group Differences |
| Recency Illicit Drug Use (days)# | 110.50 (74.29) | 77.67 (49.20) | N/A | Mann-Whitney U, p = .08 | None |
| Lifetime Alcohol Use (sessions) | 4105.57 (12885.05) | 2448.00 (3155.93) | N/A | Mann-Whitney U, p = .04 | SUD > OUD |
| Lifetime Cannabis Use (sessions) | 117929.78 (636402.60) | 12183.45 (30115.68) | N/A | Mann-Whitney U, p = .29 | None |
| Lifetime Nicotine Use (sessions) | 2917367.65 (15839605.62) | 56652.60 (77218.66) | N/A | Mann-Whitney U, p = .61 | None |
| Lifetime Stimulant Use (Sessions) | 9068.98 (8342.16) | 2158.70 (2796.54) | N/A | Mann-Whitney U, p < .001 | SUD > OUD |
| Lifetime Opioid Use (Sessions) | 1262.40 (2942.48) | 8462.95 (7875.82) | N/A | Mann-Whitney U, p < .001 | OUD > SUD |
| Past Year Stimulant Use (sessions)2 | 2251.03 (4410.02) | 312.90 (632.49) | N/A | Mann-Whitney U, p < .001 | SUD > OUD |
| Past Year Opioid Use (sessions)2 | 74.38 (221.09) | 959.25 (1694.03) | N/A | Mann-Whitney U, p < .001 | OUD > SUD |
| Lifetime DSM Disorders1 | % | % | % | Statistics | User Group Differences |
| Cannabis UD | 23 | 40 | N/A | χ2(1) = 2.01, p = .16 | None |
| Alcohol UD | 18 | 30 | N/A | χ2(1) = 1.23, p = .27 | None |
| Sedative UD | 15 | 45 | N/A | χ2(1) = 6.40, p = .01 | OUD > SUD |
| Stimulant UD | 100 | 45 | N/A | χ2(1) = 26.94, p < .01 | SUD > OUD |
| Opioid UD | 23 | 100 | N/A | χ2(1) = 32.07 p < .001 | OUD > SUD |
| Mood/Anxiety | 55 | 70 | N/A | χ2(1) = 1.25, p = .26 | None |
| Lifetime ≥1000 nicotine uses* | 53 | 55 | 10 | χ2(2) = 0.52, p = .77 | None |
| Medication | % | % | % | Statistics | User Group Differences |
| Any | 35 | 50 | N/A | χ2(1) = 1.25, p = .26 | None |
| Suboxone | 3 | 15 | N/A | ||
| Naltrexone | 3 | 0 | N/A | ||
| Antianxiety | 20 | 25 | N/A | ||
| Antipsychotic | 5 | 15 | N/A | ||
| SSRI/SNRI | 15 | 20 | N/A | ||
| Tricyclic Antidepressant | 5 | 5 | N/A | ||
| Atypical Antidepressant | 10 | 0 | N/A | ||
| Antihypertensive | 20 | 15 | N/A |
Note. M = mean. SD = standard deviation. SUD = current stimulant use disorder. OUD = current opioid use disorder. CTL = healthy comparisons.
This analysis was comprised of three values: 0 = no, 1 = yes, and 2 = missing data, as 15 SUD, 6 OUD, and 4 CTL were missing this information. #Missing data: 4 SUD and 5 OUD.
CTL excluded from this particular analysis.
One SUD participant was an extreme outlier on reported CDDR year stimulant and opioid uses (reporting 101,650 and 250,000 uses, respectively) and was therefore excluded from these estimates. HS = high school. GED = general education diploma. DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th or 5th edition. UD = Use Disorder. CDDR = Customary Drinking and Drug Use Record. SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. SNRI = serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. The Mood/Anxiety Disorder category includes social phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and/or major depressive disorder. Antianxiety medications = gabapentin, buspirone, and hydroxyzine. Antipsychotic medications = quetiapine fumarate and paliperidone. Atypical antidepressants = trazodone and bupropion. Antihypertensives = clonidine, metoprolol and propranolol.