Table 4.

Clavien–Dindo classification of postoperative complications [10]

Grade	Definition	Patients with complications ND only	Patients with complications primary site surgery ± ND	Total (percent)
I	Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic or radiologic interventions Allowed therapeutic regiments are: antiemetics, antipyrectics, analgetics, diuretics, electrolytes, and physiotherapy. This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside	3/35 (9%)	1/17 (6%)	4/52 (8%)
II	Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than such allowed for grade I complications. Blood transfusions and total parenteral nutrition are also included	1/35 (3%)	2/17 (12%)	3/52 (6%)
III	Requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological intervention	4/35 (11%)	6/17 (35%)	10/52 (19%)
IV	Life-threatening complication (including central nervous system complications requiring ICU management)	1/35 (3%)	3/17 (18%)	4/52 (8%)
V	Death of the patient	–	–	-