Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Subjects According to BMI and Metabolic Health Status.
| Group | Normal-weight | Obese | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MH | MO | MH | MO | |
| n | 6,169,451 | 1,228,925 | 2,313,991 | 2,069,401 |
| Age, years | 44.9 ± 14.4 | 55.6 ± 12.7 | 43.2 ± 12.5 | 49.6 ± 12.7 |
| <40 | 2,453,187 (39.76) | 133,158 (10.84) | 981,738 (42.43) | 472,895 (22.85) |
| 40–65 | 3,029,928 (49.11) | 775,960 (63.14) | 1,188,952 (51.38) | 1,315,890 (63.59) |
| >65 | 686,336 (11.12) | 319,807 (26.02) | 143,301 (6.19) | 280,616 (13.56) |
| Smoking (current) | 2,863,350 (46.41) | 514,112 (41.83) | 995,566 (43.02) | 867,794 (41.93) |
| Drinking (>30 g/day) | 649,333 (10.52) | 166,209 (13.52) | 284,874 (12.31) | 321,987 (15.56) |
| Exercise (regularly) | 3,379,980 (54.79) | 636,449 (51.79) | 1,397,338 (60.39) | 1,155,847 (55.85) |
| Diabetes | 292,676 (4.74) | 376,774 (30.66) | 90,787 (3.92) | 504,086 (24.36) |
| Hypertension | 960,563 (15.57) | 715,402 (58.21) | 455,551 (19.69) | 1,169,163 (56.5) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 476,703 (7.73) | 569,122 (46.31) | 273,157 (11.8) | 788,176 (38.09) |
| BMI | 22.17 ± 1.89 | 23.05 ± 1.57 | 26.82 ± 1.7 | 27.8 ± 2.24 |
| WC, cm | 79.07 ± 5.82 | 83.76 ± 5.92 | 87.83 ± 5.62 | 92.78 ± 6.12 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 121.15 ± 13.23 | 131.22 ± 14.52 | 123.96 ± 12.77 | 132.34 ± 13.95 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 75.72 ± 9.13 | 81.03 ± 9.94 | 77.88 ± 9.08 | 82.75 ± 9.92 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 94.28 ± 19.4 | 116.24 ± 36.66 | 94.2 ± 16.78 | 111.84 ± 31.77 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 188.53 ± 33.63 | 196.23 ± 42.35 | 198.41 ± 34.06 | 202.5 ± 39.96 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 55.3 ± 15.8 | 48.21 ± 16.76 | 51.84 ± 14.76 | 46.7 ± 15.34 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 109.82 ± 30.99 | 108.29 ± 38.81 | 118.46 ± 31.61 | 112.77 ± 37.08 |
| GFR, mL/min/m2 | 91.77 ± 46.24 | 86.25 ± 39.42 | 90.29 ± 48.44 | 87.02 ± 41.98 |
Abbreviations: MH, metabolically healthy; MO, metabolically obese; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein GFR, glomerular filtration rate.
Data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviations (SD).
Current smoking: continuing smoking and smoked ≥100 cigarettes in lifetime.
Drinking: drinking ≥30 g of alcohol per day.
Exercise: doing exercise more than 20 minutes ≥1 time per week.
Dyslipidaemia: triglyceride level ≥150 mg⁄dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <40 mg ⁄ dL.
Diabetes: fasting glucose level ≥100 mg⁄ dL or taking anti-diabetic medications.
Hypertension: blood pressure ≥130⁄85 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medications.