Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients on different datasets
| Variable | Training (n = 331) | Testing (n = 143) | Validation (n = 149) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, n (%) | ||||
| ≤ 60 | 172 (52.0) | 74 (51.7) | 67 (45.0) | 0.34 |
| > 60 | 159 (48.0) | 69 (48.3) | 82 (55.0) | |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 111 (33.5) | 45 (31.5) | 62 (41.6) | 0.14 |
| Female | 220 (66.5) | 98 (68.5) | 87 (58.4) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 46 (13.9) | 19 (13.3) | 30 (20.1) | 0.16 |
| No | 285 (86.1) | 124 (86.7) | 119 (79.9) | |
| Family history, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 9 (2.7) | 6 (4.2) | 7 (4.7) | 0.49 |
| No | 322 (97.3) | 137 (95.8) | 142 (95.3) | |
| Final pathology, n (%) | ||||
| IA | 200 (60.4) | 86 (60.1) | 105 (70.5) | 0.08 |
| PM | 131 (39.6) | 57 (39.9) | 44 (29.5) | |
| Diameter (cm), n (%) | ||||
| ≤ 1 | 132 (39.9) | 54 (37.8) | 52 (34.9) | 0.54 |
| 1.1–2.0 | 131 (39.6) | 51 (35.7) | 63 (42.3) | |
| 2.1–3.0 | 68 (20.5) | 38 (26.6) | 34 (22.8) | |
| Location, n (%) | ||||
| LUL | 78 (23.6) | 31 (21.7) | 26 (17.4) | 0.37 |
| LLL | 49 (14.8) | 28 (19.6) | 22 (14.8) | |
| RUL | 127 (38.4) | 51 (35.7) | 51 (34.2) | |
| RML | 23 (6.9) | 10 (7.0) | 14 (9.4) | |
| RLL | 54 (16.3) | 23 (16.1) | 36 (24.2) | |
| Nodule type, n (%) | ||||
| pGGN | 124 (37.5) | 49 (34.3) | 37 (24.8) | 0.09 |
| PSN | 150 (45.3) | 71 (49.7) | 79 (53.0) | |
| Solid | 57 (17.2) | 23 (16.1) | 33 (22.1) | |
| Volume (mm3), n (%) | ||||
| < 500 | 115 (34.7) | 47 (32.9) | 43 (28.9) | 0.60 |
| 500–1000 | 67 (20.2) | 29 (20.3) | 27 (18.1) | |
| > 1000 | 149 (45.0) | 67 (46.9) | 79 (53.0) | |
| Surgical type, n (%) | ||||
| Lobectomy | 256 (77.3) | 103 (72.0) | 104 (69.8) | 0.17 |
| Limited resection | 75 (22.7) | 40 (28.0) | 45 (30.2) | |
IA, invasive adenocarcinoma; PM, preinvasive lesions/minimally invasive adenocarcinomas; LUL, left upper lobe; LLL, left lower lobe; RUL, right upper lobe; RML, right middle lobe; RLL, right lower lobe; pGGN, pure ground-glass nodule; PSN, part-solid nodule. p values calculated using Pearson’s chi-squared test