Table 9.

Summary of the approach methods to detect BSR disease.

Oil palm part	Features	Level	Highest accuracy
Canopy	Canopy spectral (satellite)	4	77%31
		2	84%32
	Canopy spectral (airborne)	2	84%33
		2	86%34
	Canopy spectral (spectroradiometer)	4	94%14
		2	98%14
	Leaf spectral (spectroradiometer)	2	100%66
		4	97%17
	Canopy strata, crown area, frond number and frond angle (TLS data)	4	80% (Proposed method)
		2	86.67% (Proposed method)
Trunk	Odour	2	100%56
		2	100%57
	Tomography	2	100%59
		5	82%60