TABLE 1.
Comparison of mother-to-child transmission rates by exclusive formula feeding, short-term breastfeeding (<7 months) and longer-term breastfeeding.
| Author, year | Study area | Study period | Exclusive formula feeding | Short-term breast feeding | Longer-term breastfeeding | Study design | ||
| Seroconversion n/N (%) | Inclusion | Seroconversion n/N (%) | Inclusion | Seroconversion n/N (%) | ||||
| Takahashi et al., 1991 | Kagoshima, Japan.(13 hospitals) | 1985–1990 | 0/0(0%) | ≤6 months | 3/67 (4.5%) | >6 months | 19/136(14.0%) | Retrospective |
| Takahashi et al., 1991 | Kagoshima, Japan.(13 hospitals) | 1986–1990 | 9/151(6.0%) | ≤6 months | 1/23 (4.3%) | >6 months | 1/3(33.3%) | Prospective |
| Nakayama et al., 1992 | Kagoshima, Japan.(single center survey) | 1986–1990 | 1/53(1.9%) | ≤6 months | 4/41 (9.8%) | 7–12 months | 7/50(14.0%) | Retrospective |
| Oki et al., 1992 | Kagoshima and Miyazaki, Japan | 1986–1990 | 0/7(0%) | <7 months | 3/67 (4.5%) | ≥7 months | 19/136(14.0%) | Retrospective |
| Oki et al., 1992 | Kagishima and Miyazaki, Japan | 1986–1991 | 10/177(5.6%) | <7 months | 1/26 (3.8%) | ≥7 months | 1/4(25.0%) | Prospectiver |
| Takezaki et al., 1997 | Tsushima and Kamigoto, Nagasaki, Japan | 1985–1991 | 4/162(2.5%) | ≤6 months | 2/51 (3.9%) | >6 months | 13/64(20.3%) | Retrospective |
| Ureta-Vidal et al., 1999 | French Guyana | 1989-NA | 0/23(0%) | ≤6 months | 2/32 (3.4%) | >6 months | 17/151(11.3%) | Retrospective |
| Hino, 2011 | Nagasaki, Japan | 1987–2004 | 29/1,152(2.5%) | <6 months | 15/202 (7.4%) | ≥6 months | 74/365(20.3%) | Retrospective |
NA: not applicable.