Table 2.
Iron chelating agents under clinical development for treatment of cancers.
| Compound | Mechanism | Cancer(s) | Development status | Clinical results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bp44mT | Thiosemicarbazone (BpT series), synthetic iron chelator | Neuroblastoma, lung | Preclinical | N/A |
| Ciclopirox olamine (CPX) | Hydroxypyridinone, synthetic iron chelator | Hematological, advanced solid tumors | Phase I | (181) |
| Curcumin | Polyphenol, plant-derived iron chelator | Various | Phase I–III | (182) |
| Deferasirox (ICL670A, DFX) | Tridentate triazole, synthetic iron chelator | Hepatocellular carcinoma, hematological | Phase I–II | (183) |
| Deferiprone (DFP) | Hydroxypyridinone, synthetic iron chelator | Prostate | Pre-clinical | N/A |
| Desferrioxamine (DFO) | Siderophore, natural iron chelator | Neuroblastoma, leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma | Phase I | (184) |
| Dp44mT | Thiosemicarbazone (DpT series), synthetic iron chelator | Various | Pre-clinical | N/A |
| DpC | Thiosemicarbazone (DpT series), synthetic iron chelator | Advanced solid tumors | Phase I | Not yet published |
| Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) | Catechin gallate, natural iron chelator | Colon, prostate | Phase I–II | (185) |
| Silybin | Flavonolignan, natural iron chelator | Prostate, lung, hepatocellular carcinoma | Phase I–II | (186–188) |
| Tachpyridine | Hexadentate, synthetic iron chelator | Various | Pre-clinical | N/A |
| Triapine | Thiosemicarbazone, synthetic iron chelator | Various | Phase I–III | (189–191) |
| VLX600 | Triazinoindolyl-hydrazone, synthetic iron chelator | Advanced solid tumors | Phase I | (192) |