Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to determine prognostic factors of cancer-specific survival for patients with low-grade brainstem glioma.
| 5-y CSS rate (%) | 10-y CSS rate (%) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |||
| Age | ||||||
| ≥22 Adult | 84.9 | 74.7 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| <22 Pediatric | 93.2 | 86.6 | 0.39 (0.18–0.84) | 0.016† | 0.28 (0.10–0.76) | 0.012† |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 88.1 | 83.5 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Male | 90.7 | 90.7 | 0.72 (0.35–1.49) | 0.375 | 0.96 (0.42–2.17) | 0.918 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 90.0 | 7.6 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Black | 83.5 | 83.5 | 1.62 (0.56–4.66) | 0.374 | 1.42 (0.46–4.43) | 0.545 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 90.0 | / | 0.73 (0.10–5.37) | 0.753 | 1.41 (0.18–11.22) | 0.744 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Unmarried | 88.1 | 93.6 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Married | 85.0 | 86.2 | 1.02 (0.45–2.31) | 0.956 | 0.54 (0.20–1.46) | 0.226 |
| Grade | ||||||
| I | 93.6 | 93.6 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| II | 86.2 | 82.8 | 2.69 (1.15–6.30) | <0.001† | 2.57 (0.30–21.75) | 0.386 |
| Surgery | ||||||
| Local excision/biopsy | 81.3 | 81.3 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| STR | 79.1 | / | 1.22 (0.50–2.97) | 0.659 | 1.64 (0.61–4.40) | 0.570 |
| GTR | 95.5 | 93.1 | 0.28 (0.11–0.69) | 0.005† | 0.40 (0.15–1.12) | 0.081 |
| Size | ||||||
| ≤ 3.6 cm | 88.4 | 86.2 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| >3.6 cm | 90.6 | 88.9 | 0.82 (0.39–1.70) | 0.591 | 1.26 (0.49–3.25) | 0.634 |
| Metastasis | ||||||
| No | 90.0 | 87.8 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Yes | 68.6 | / | 2.75 (0.65–11.57) | 0.168 | 5.20 (1.03–26.38) | 0.046† |
| Adjuvant therapy | ||||||
| None/unknown | 93.9 | 92.0 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Radiotherapy | 81.6 | 81.6 | 2.46 (0.46–9.71) | 0.028† | 1.48 (0.57–3.82) | 0.421 |
| Chemotherapy | 94.4 | 78.7 | 1.37 (0.30–6.27) | 0.683 | 0.81 (0.14–4.50) | 0.806 |
| Both | 86.2 | / | 2.12 (0.46–9.71) | 0.333 | 0.93 (0.16–5.36) | 0.938 |
| Extension | ||||||
| Brainstem | 85.0 | 83.0 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Cerebellum | 92.0 | 92.0 | 0.58 (0.13–2.51) | 0.462 | 0.64 (0.13–3.16) | 0.581 |
| Ventricular | 95.4 | 92.2 | 0.36 (0.13–0.99) | 0.049† | 0.40 (0.14–1.20) | 0.010† |
| Other | 87.4 | 87.4 | 0.85 (0.33–2.16) | 0.727 | 0.91 (0.30–2.83) | 0.877 |
| Histology | ||||||
| ET | 92.1 | 88.2 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| OAT | 93.6 | 93.6 | 0.64 (0.25–1.65) | 0.358 | 1.83 (0.20–17.33) | 0.596 |
| DAOT | 59.1 | 59.1 | 5.65 (2.45–13.08) | <0.001† | 5.14 (1.72–15.39) | 0.003† |
†
P < 0.05, statistically significant.