. 2020 Jan 9;42:100754. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100754

Table 2.

Brain areas that showed a significant interaction between problem-solving ability – assessed using Numerical Operations scores of the WIAT-II – and group (ASD versus TD). Effect sizes, Confidence Limits (C.L) and Bayes Factors (BFs10) are reported for each Region Of Interest (ROI). Note: BFs10 > 5 (in bold) provide moderate to strong support against the null hypothesis (Kass and Raftery, 1995).

Brain Region	MNI coordinates			Max	Cluster size	Effect size	C.L. of Cohen’s f²	BF₁₀
Brain Region	x	y	z	t		Cohen’s f²
Prefrontal Cortex
R Anterior Insular Cortex	36	18	−6	5.32	1743^†	0.9151	0.173 ∼ 1.637	3.28 × 10²
R IFG, pars triangularis/VLPFC	44	18	8	4.55		0.7297	0.104 ∼ 1.363	7.8 × 10
R SFG, posterior segment/DMPFC	22	−6	56	5.27	7230^††	1.0715	0.234 ∼ 1.865	2.71 × 10²
L Precentral Gyrus/Premotor Cortex	−20	−14	68	4.85		0.7156	0.099 ∼ 1.342	7.3 × 10
L SFG, posterior segment/DMPFC	−18	−6	64	4.80		0.7380	0.107 ∼ 1.375	8.4 × 10
R DLPFC	40	6	46	4.66		0.4827	0.025 ∼ 0.987	11.55
L DLPFC	−38	14	54	4.45		0.2825	NA ∼ 0.665	2.46
L SMA	−6	6	58	4.42		0.5281	0.038 ∼ 1.058	18.77
R SMA	6	6	58	4.33		0.7964	0.128 ∼ 1.462	1.35 × 10²
L Paracingulate Cortex	−8	38	24	4.55	1350	0.6446	0.075 ∼ 1.235	38.14
R Paracingulate Cortex	4	46	12	4.32		0.5779	0.053 ∼ 1.134	18.79
R Anterior Cingulate Cortex	12	38	18	3.86		0.5399	0.041 ∼ 1.076	14.96
L Anterior Cingulate Cortex	−8	18	32	3.47		0.3427	NA ∼ 0.765	3.54
Parietal Cortex
L SMG	−56	−38	48	5.11	^††	0.568	0.050 ∼ 1.119	24.51
L IPL/hIP1	−34	−64	44	4.86	^††	0.498	0.029 ∼ 1.011	15.74
L Postcentral Gyrus	−56	−28	48	4.75	^††	0.602	0.061 ∼ 1.171	34.83
L Precuneous	−12	−42	66	4.55	^††	0.348	NA ∼ 0.774	4.49
L IPS	−24	−64	46	4.39	^††	0.412	0.006 ∼ 0.876	7.65
R IPL/PGa	44	−60	50	4.75	471	0.494	0.029 ∼ 1.006	14.09
R IPS	30	−60	58	3.70		0.348	NA ∼ 0.773	4.44
Lateral/Medial Temporal Cortex
R STG/Planum Temporale	58	−22	10	4.07	^†	0.407	0.004 ∼ 0.868	6.97
R Amygdala	30	−2	−16	3.98	^†	0.495	0.028 ∼ 1.007	9.36
R STG/Heschl’s Gyrus	44	−20	12	3.64	^†	0.297	NA ∼ 0.689	2.66
Ventral Temporal-Occipital Cortex
L LOC inferior division/FG	−48	−66	−14	5.10	4882*	0.558	0.047 ∼ 1.104	23.85
R Intracalcarine Cortex	12	−84	6	4.93		0.796	0.128 ∼ 1.462	10.9 × 10
L LOC inferior division	−32	−80	4	4.91		0.581	0.054 ∼ 1.138	24.03
L Occipital Fusiform Gyrus	−30	−74	−12	4.56		0.631	0.070 ∼ 1.214	29.42
R Lingual Gyrus	24	−72	0	4.33		0.532	0.040 ∼ 1.064	17.26
L Intracalcarine Cortex	−20	−64	10	4.30		0.571	0.051 ∼ 1.123	16.90
L LOC superior division	−30	−76	30	4.29		0.461	0.019 ∼ 0.954	11.51
L Temporal Occipital Fusiform Cortex	−54	−48	−22	4.22		0.460	0.018 ∼ 0.953	10.21
R Occipital Fusiform Gyrus	16	−74	−8	4.19		0.428	0.010 ∼ 0.902	7.93
Subcortical Structures
L Thalamus	−12	−20	−2	4.77	1260	0.490	0.027 ∼ 0.999	14.71
R Cerebellum (lobule IV)	24	−40	−24	4.26		0.510	0.032 ∼ 1.029	13.98
R Cerebellum (lobule VI)	34	−68	−22	4.88	*	0.598	0.060 ∼ 1.165	28.04
L Cerebellum (lobule VI/Crus I)	−4	−72	−20	4.55	*	0.567	0.050 ∼ 1.116	23.84
L Cerebellum (Vermis)	−2	−56	−14	4.10	*	0.379	NA ∼ 0.824	5.31
R Putamen	30	2	2	4.53	^†	0.561	0.048 ∼ 1.107	25.30
R Thalamus	14	−18	4	4.40	389	0.457	0.018 ∼ 0.947	11.11
R Midbrain	10	−22	−10	3.73		0.554	0.046 ∼ 1.097	14.04
R Fornix	22	−30	10	3.73		0.321	NA ∼ 0.730	3.45

Abbreviations: BF₁₀ = Bayes Factor in favor of H1 over H0; IFG = Inferior Frontal Gyrus; VLPFC = Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex; SFG = Superior Frontal Gyrus, DMPFC = Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex; DLPFC = Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex; SMA = Supplementary Motor Area; SMG = Supramarginal Gyrus; IPL = Inferior Parietal Lobule; hIP1= horizontal segment of the Intraparietal sulcus, subdivision 1; IPS = Intraparietal Sulcus; STG = Superior Temporal Gyrus; LOC = Lateral Occipital Cortex; FG = Fusiform Gyrus; ^†,††,* These are anatomically distinct sub-peaks of the same activated cluster. Sub-peaks are italicized. Note: p < .001 height, p < .05 extent. Moderate to strong BFs₁₀ are bolded.