Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the patients according to quartile levels of serum RBP4
| Variables | 1st quartile | 2nd quartile | 3rd quartile | 4th quartile | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67 (66–73) | 68 (67–74) | 68 (66–76) | 69 (67–75) | 0.351 |
| Male, n (%) | 158 (67.8) | 150 (64.1) | 154 (66.1) | 149 (63.7) | 0.770 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.61 (22.86–26.64) | 24.80 (22.47–26.71) | 24.67 (22.52–26.83) | 24.67 (22.19–26.54) | 0.742 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 106 (45.5) | 97 (41.5) | 107 (45.9) | 101 (43.2) | 0.743 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 85 (36.5) | 106 (45.3) | 101 (43.3) | 100 (42.7) | 0.242 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 95 (40.8) | 88 (37.6) | 103 (44.2) | 116 (49.6) | 0.057 |
| Ischaemic aetiology, n (%) | 103 (44.2) | 99 (42.3) | 105 (45.1) | 114 (48.7) | 0.562 |
| NYHA class | |||||
| I | 50 (21.5) | 49 (20.9) | 48 (20.6) | 37 (15.8) | 0.386 |
| II | 73 (31.3) | 69 (29.5) | 79 (33.9) | 65 (27.8) | 0.518 |
| III | 74 (31.8) | 75 (32.1) | 74 (31.8) | 87 (37.2) | 0.523 |
| IV | 38 (16.3) | 39 (16.7) | 31 (13.3) | 46 (19.7) | 0.330 |
| LVEF (%) | 44 (37–52) | 40 (34–53) | 40 (34–51) | 38 (34–46) | <0.001 |
| NT‐proBNP (pg/mL) | 1349.17 (935.12–1608.91) | 1507.83 (1265.88–1932.40) | 1682.12 (1336.70–3297.59) | 2634.96 (1571.93–4949.26) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 78 (66–88) | 73 (66–89) | 72 (56–78) | 68 (54–79) | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.61 (3.97–5.11) | 4.59 (3.94–5.08) | 4.57 (3.89–5.15) | 4.60 (3.97–5.32) | 0.767 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.51 (1.13–2.02) | 1.50 (1.04–1.97) | 1.46 (1.06–2.23) | 1.52 (1.06–2.19) | 0.616 |
| HDL‐C (mmol/L) | 1.07 (0.92–1.20) | 1.08 (0.90–1.23) | 1.07 (0.92–1.27) | 1.07 (0.92–1.25) | 0.914 |
| LDL‐C (mmol/L) | 2.73 (2.31–3.32) | 2.63 (2.18–3.15) | 2.67 (2.29–3.28) | 2.71 (2.26–3.30) | 0.442 |
| Medical treatment | |||||
| Diuretics, n (%) | 227 (97.4) | 229 (97.9) | 222 (95.3) | 218 (93.2) | 0.038 |
| Spironolactone, n (%) | 182 (78.1) | 192 (82.1) | 197 (84.5) | 141 (60.3) | <0.001 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 211 (90.6) | 206 (88.0) | 206 (88.4) | 189 (80.8) | 0.011 |
| Beta‐blocker, n (%) | 128 (54.9) | 145 (62.0) | 134 (57.5) | 90 (38.5) | <0.001 |
ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor antagonist; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF, left ventricular eject fraction; NT‐proBNP, N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RBP4, retinol‐binding protein 4; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.
Data are presented as median with interquartile range or number with percentage in parentheses.