Table 4.
Summary of clinical characteristics, medication pattern, and echocardiographic parameters of HFmrEF population included in the main clinical trials considered for our review
| Rickenbacher P. et al. 4 | Toma M. et al. 5 | Solomon S.D. et al. 6, a | Solomon S.D. et al. 7, b | Lund LH et al. 8 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 79.0 | 73 | 66.3 ± 10.8 | 66 ± 9 | 65 ± 11 |
| Female gender, % | 46.3 | 41.1 | 32 | 36.5 | |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD or median (IQR) | 25.5 | 31.5 ± 7.2 | 27.8 (25.0–31.2) | ||
| SBP, mmHg, mean ± SD or median (IQR) | 127 | 130 (117–147) | 135.2 ± 18.9 | 128 ± 14 | 130 (120–145) |
| Heart rate, b.p.m., mean ± SD or median (IQR) | 76 | 78 (68–90) | 71.4 ± 12.4 | 69.98 ± 10.17 | |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2, mean ± SD or median (IQR) | 49 | 53.8 (38.5–69.9) | 69.6 ± 19.9 | ||
| Creatinine, mg/dL, mean ± SD or median (IQR) | 1.39 | 1.16 ± 0.43 | |||
| Sodium, mmol/L, mean ± SD or median (IQR) | 139 | 140 (137–142) | |||
| NT‐proBNP, median (IQR), ng/L | 3941 (2247–6760) | 3931 (1933‐8269) | |||
| BNP, median (IQR), ng/L | 898 (557–1435) | ||||
| NYHA class III/IV, % | 71.3 | 36.8 | 35.4 | 42.3 | |
| Hypertensive heart disease, % | 27.8 | 12.7 | |||
| Ischaemic aetiology, CAD, % | 56.5 | 69.0 | 72 | 66.9 | |
| Idiopathic dilated CMP, % | 8.3 | 13.1 | |||
| Valve disease and other, % | 7.4 | ||||
| CABG or PCI, % | 32.4 | 29.2 | 36 | 43.6 | |
| CRT, % | |||||
| ICD, % | 2.8 | 3.9 | 1.6 | ||
| Smoker, current, or previous % | 60.2 | 50.7 | 15 | 15.9 | |
| Hypertension, % | 81.9 | 60 | 86.5 | 56.2 | |
| PAOD, % | 18.5 | 19.3 | |||
| Hyperlipidaemia, % | 48.1 | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 39.8 | 50.2 | 27 | 28.7 | 28.6 |
| COPD, asthma, and lung disease, % | 21.3 | 20.3 | |||
| Prior stroke/TIA and cerebrovascular disease, % | 15.7 | 14.2 | 9.3 | ||
| CKD, % | 63.9 | ||||
| Anaemia, % | 38.0 | ||||
| Depression, % | 13.0 | 11.1 | |||
| Atrial fibrillation, flutter % | 39.6 | 49.9 | 25.6 | ||
| LVEDD, mm, mean ± SD | 52 | ||||
| LVESD, mm, mean ± SD | 42 | ||||
| Beta‐blocker, % | 73.1 | 65.4 | 57 | 78.3 | 57.7 |
| ACE‐I/ARBs, % | 90.7 | 60.7 | 21 | 88.1 | 27.2 |
| Aldosterone receptor blocker, % | 33.3 | 21.2 | 11 | 11.4 | |
| Nitrates, % | 32.4 | 24.5 | |||
| Diuretics % | 89.8 | 97.2 | 64 | 76.2 | 74.4 |
| Statin and lipid‐lowering therapy % | 44.7 | ||||
| Digoxin and digitalis, % | 13.9 | 8.0 | 32 | 35.2 | |
| Calcium channel blocker, % | 26 | 24.1 |
ACE‐I, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CMP, cardiomiopathy; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; IQR, interquantile range; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular end systolic diameter; PAOD, peripheral arterial occlusive disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD,standard deviation.
population of patients with HF and LVEF 43–52%.
population of patients with HF and LVEF 45–50%.