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. 2020 Apr 9;11:309. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00309

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Copyright © 2020 Rocha-Santos, Braga, Ceroni and Michelini.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Photomicrographs showing changes in DBH + fibers (green) and OT+ neurons (red) within the posterior paraventricular nucleus (PVNpost) in sinoaortic denervated (SAD) and sham-operated (SHAM) rats submitted to exercise training (T) or sedentary (S) protocol. Bar graphs compare the integrated density of DBH + projections (B, D) and OT+ neurons (C, E) within the PVNpost (B, C) and PVNvm, (D, E) in the 4 experimental groups. Values are the means of 2–4 slices/rat, four rats in each subgroup. (F) Three-dimensional rendered images comparing the density of overlapping boutons (blue) and those that are close, but not overlapping (green) with OT+ neurons (red) taken from PVNpost of SHAM-T and SAD-T rats. Right bottom graphs compare the effects of SAD and training on the number of DBH + boutons/OT+ neuron within the PVNpost (G) and PVNvm (H) in the four experimental groups. Values are the means of 6–12 neurons for ROI, 3–4 ROIs/rat, three rats in each subgroup. Comparisons made by Factorial two-way ANOVA. PVNpost – DBH density: group F(1,12) = 12.54, P = 0.004, condition F(1,12) = 13.67, P = 0.003, interaction F(1,12) = 14.04, P = 0.003; OT density: group F(1,12) = 106.44, P < 0.001, condition F(1,12) = 11.74, P = 0.005, interaction F(1,12) = 5.98, P = 0.031. PVNvm – DBH density: group F(1,12) = 142.60, P < 0.001, condition F(1,12) = 31.56, P < 0.001, interaction F(1,12) = 47.47, P < 0.001; OT density: group F(1,12) = 846.68, P < 0.001, condition F(1,12) = 115.72, P < 0.001, interaction F(1,12) = 77.47, P < 0.001. DBH + boutons/OT+ neuron – PVNpost: group F(1,33) = 48.67, P < 0.001, condition F(1,33) = 4.32, P = 0.046, interaction F(1,33) = 3.58, P = 0.067; PVNvm: group F(1,35) = 15.14, P < 0.001, condition F(1,35) = 1.11, P = 0.299, interaction F(1,35) = 0.60, P = 0.442. Significances (P < 0.05) are ° vs. Sedentary and * vs. respective SHAM group.