Table 1.
Classification of Antibiotics by Similarity to Temperature Stress according to the Induced Protein Expression Profile (VanBogelen and Neidhardt, 1990) or Interactions with Other Stressors (Cruz-Loya et al., 2019) in E. coli
| Antibiotic Class: Antibiotic Tested (Abbreviation) |
Cellular Process (Effect) | Protein Expression Similarity | Interaction Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chloramphenicol: | Protein synthesis (inhibition) | Cold shock | Not measured |
| Chloramphenicol (CHL) | |||
| Macrolides: | Protein synthesis (inhibition) | Cold shock (SPR, ERY) | Cold (22°C–25°C) (ERY, CLI) |
| Clindamycin (CLI) | |||
| Erythromycin (ERY) | |||
| Spiramycin (SPR) | |||
| Fusidanes: | Protein synthesis (inhibition) | Cold shock | Not measured |
| Fusidic acid (FUS) | |||
| Tetracyclines: | Protein synthesis (inhibition) | Cold shock | Cold (22°C–37°C) |
| Tetracycline (TET) | |||
| Fluoroquinolones: | DNA supercoiling | Not measured | Cold (22°C–37°C) |
| Ciprofloxacin (CPR) | |||
| Levofloxacin (LVX) | |||
| Folic acid synthesis inhibitors: | DNA synthesis (Reduction) | Not measured | Hot (44°C) |
| Trimethoprim (TMP) | |||
| Nitrofurans: | Multiple, including damage to DNA | Not measured | Hot (44°C) |
| Nitrofurantoin (NTR) | |||
| Aminoglycosides: | Protein synthesis (misfolding and aggregation) | Heat shock (KAN, STR, PUR) | Very hot (46°C) (GEN, TOB, STR) |
| Gentamicin (GEN) | |||
| Kanamycin (KAN) | |||
| Puromycin (PUR) | |||
| Streptomycin (STR) | |||
| Tobramycin (TOB) | |||
| Beta-lactams: | Cell wall synthesis | Not measured | None |
| Ampicillin (AMP) | |||
| Cefoxitin (FOX) |
The specific antibiotics from each class evaluated in each study are indicated in parenthesis, except when an antibiotic class was only explored in one study (in which case we mark the other study as “not measured”). The specific temperatures or temperature ranges with similar interaction profiles to the class from Cruz-Loya et al. (2019) are indicated in the right.