Skip to main content
. 2020 Apr 14;6(4):e03725. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03725

Table 4.

Comparison between the critical properties of some types of crop biodiesels available in Nigeria.

Parameters
Biodiesel Type
ASTM STANDARD
RBD Palm Olein
Palm Oil
Palm Kernel Oil
Coconut Oil
Avocado Seed Oil
Jatropha Oil
Soybean Oil
Groundnut Oil
Sweet Almond Oil
References (A.L. Paul Anawe and Adewale, 2018) Present Study (Kareem et al., 2017) (Akhabue and Ogogo, 2018) (Musa et al., 2016) (Dagde, 2019) (Eboibi et al., 2018) (Ayodeji et al., 2018) (Oniya and Bamgboye, 2014) (Giwa and Ogunbona, 2014) Units
Method TE TE TE-Opt TE TE TE TE TE TE
Yield 62.5 95.3 94.6 49.8 78 45 97.1 86.8 85.9 %
Density 0.884 0.813 0.88 0.89 0.86 0.92 0.87 0.85 g/cm3
Kinematic
Viscosity
1.9–6.0 4.56 4.9 4.64 2.7 3.94 2.65 2.92 7.60 4.23 mm2/sat 40°C
Flashpoint 130 (min) 208 270 162 100 162 146 140 200 169 oC
Cetane Number 47 (min) 48.91 N/A N/A 51 62.2 N/A 41.36 N/A 58
Iodine Value N/A N/A N/A 72.8 124.6 38.2 N/A N/A 0.21 92.3 gl2/100g
Heating Value N/A N/A N/A N/A 49 N/A N/A N/A 30.07 N/A mj/kg
Acidic Value 0.80 (max) N/A N/A 0.62 0.18 0.89 N/A N/A N/A 0.13 mg/KOH/g
Catalyst/Temp. oC/Reaction Time KOH
65 °C (1.5)
Lipase 40 °C (0.5) CaO
60 °C (2.25)
NaOH
65 °C (1.5)
KOH 65 °C (0.4) NaOH
60 °C (1.5)
NaOH
60 °C (3)
KOH
60 °C (1)
NaOH
60 °C
(Hrs)

TE- Transesterification; Opt- Optimised; min – Minimum acceptable value; max - Maximum acceptable value.

N/A- Not available within the considered study.