Table 4.
Comparison between the critical properties of some types of crop biodiesels available in Nigeria.
| Parameters |
Biodiesel Type |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM STANDARD |
RBD Palm Olein |
Palm Oil |
Palm Kernel Oil |
Coconut Oil |
Avocado Seed Oil |
Jatropha Oil |
Soybean Oil |
Groundnut Oil |
Sweet Almond Oil |
||
| References | (A.L. Paul Anawe and Adewale, 2018) | Present Study | (Kareem et al., 2017) | (Akhabue and Ogogo, 2018) | (Musa et al., 2016) | (Dagde, 2019) | (Eboibi et al., 2018) | (Ayodeji et al., 2018) | (Oniya and Bamgboye, 2014) | (Giwa and Ogunbona, 2014) | Units |
| Method | TE | TE | TE-Opt | TE | TE | TE | TE | TE | TE | ||
| Yield | 62.5 | 95.3 | 94.6 | 49.8 | 78 | 45 | 97.1 | 86.8 | 85.9 | % | |
| Density | 0.884 | 0.813 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.85 | g/cm3 | ||
| Kinematic Viscosity |
1.9–6.0 | 4.56 | 4.9 | 4.64 | 2.7 | 3.94 | 2.65 | 2.92 | 7.60 | 4.23 | mm2/sat 40°C |
| Flashpoint | 130 (min) | 208 | 270 | 162 | 100 | 162 | 146 | 140 | 200 | 169 | oC |
| Cetane Number | 47 (min) | 48.91 | N/A | N/A | 51 | 62.2 | N/A | 41.36 | N/A | 58 | |
| Iodine Value | N/A | N/A | N/A | 72.8 | 124.6 | 38.2 | N/A | N/A | 0.21 | 92.3 | gl2/100g |
| Heating Value | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 49 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 30.07 | N/A | mj/kg |
| Acidic Value | 0.80 (max) | N/A | N/A | 0.62 | 0.18 | 0.89 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.13 | mg/KOH/g |
| Catalyst/Temp. oC/Reaction Time | KOH 65 °C (1.5) |
Lipase 40 °C (0.5) | CaO 60 °C (2.25) |
NaOH 65 °C (1.5) |
KOH 65 °C (0.4) | NaOH 60 °C (1.5) |
NaOH 60 °C (3) |
KOH 60 °C (1) |
NaOH 60 °C |
(Hrs) | |
TE- Transesterification; Opt- Optimised; min – Minimum acceptable value; max - Maximum acceptable value.
N/A- Not available within the considered study.