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. 2020 Apr 9;11:266. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00266

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Copyright © 2020 Das, Curstedt, Agarwal, Prahaladan, Ramirez, Bhandari, Syed, Salomone, Casiraghi, Pelizzi and Bhandari.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of CS and small molecule inhibitors on cell death. Quantification of TUNEL staining in all the experimental groups treated with or without CS, either alone or as an adjuvant with the three small molecule inhibitors. There was maximal cell death in the control ventilated group, as compared to the others. Upon treatment with CS alone or in combination with CHOP siRNA, Ang2 siRNA or miR34a Inh there was a significant decrease in TUNEL positive cells. ^∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001; (N = 8–10). CS: Curosurf^® (surfactant); CHOP: CCAAT enhancer-binding protein, i.e., C/EBP homologous protein, also known as growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153/GADD153 or Ddit3; si: silencing; Ang2: Angiopoietin 2; miR: microRNA; Inh: inhibitor.