Table. Label Information and Actual Contents of Dietary Supplements Categorized as Containing 5-Alpha-Hydroxy-Laxogenin.
| Product code | Declared ingredient and quantity, mg | Detected ingredients, mean (SD), mg | Declared ingredient not detectedb | Detected ingredient not declared on the label and quantity, mean (SD), mg | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantity on labela | Without quantity provided on label | |||||
| Accurate | Inaccurate | |||||
| A | 5-alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin, 90 | NA | NA | NA | 5-alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin | NA |
| GABA, NP | NA | NA | GABA, 177.7 (0.2) | NA | NA | |
| Folic acid, 0.2 | NA | NA | NA | Folic acid | NA | |
| Melatonin, 3.0 | Melatonin, 3.3 (3.1) | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Phenibut, NP | NA | NA | Phenibut, 72.1 (0.1) | NA | NA | |
| Vitamin B6, 6 | NA | Pyridoxine, vitamin B6, <0.5c | NA | NA | NA | |
| Vitamin B12, 0.010 | NA | NA | NA | Vitamin B12 | NA | |
| Vitamin D, 0.013 | NA | NA | NA | Vitamin D | NA | |
| B | 5-alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin, 50 | NA | NA | NA | 5-alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin | NA |
| NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Diosgenin, 118 (2.8)d | |
| C | N-acetylcysteine, 250 | N-acetyl cysteine, 235.7 (4.7) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Androst-3,5-diene-7,17-dione, 75 | Androst-3,5-diene-7,17-dione, 71.8 (4.3) | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| 5-alpha-hydroxy-Laxogenin, 50 | NA | NA | NA | 5-alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin | NA | |
| NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Diosgenin, 81.1 (5.6)d | |
| D | 5alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin, 105 | NA | 5-alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin, 50.5 (1.0) | NA | NA | NA |
| β-ecdysterone, 105 | NA | β-ecdysterone, 58.7 (8.8) | NA | NA | NA | |
| Bioperine, 30e | NA | Piperine, 0.4 (8.3) | NA | NA | NA | |
| 7-keto DHEA, 60 | 7-keto DHEA, 58.1 (3.4) | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
Abbreviations: DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; NA, not applicable; NP, none provided.
Accurate indicates that the amount of the ingredient detected was within 20% of the amount listed on the label. If the difference between the amount on the label and the amount detected exceeded 20%, the ingredient was classified inaccurate. The quantities of labeled and nonlabeled ingredients are expressed in mg per maximum daily serving size recommended on the label. Maximum daily serving size was calculated by multiplying the quantity of an ingredient found in an individual serving size by the maximum servings per day recommended on the label.
The limit of detection of 5-alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin was less than 0.02 mg of this molecule per capsule of 500 mg powder (ie, less than what is present in 1 capsule of all samples). The limit of detection of folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin D (ie, ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol) was lower than 0.005 mg of this molecule per capsule.
Owing to the small detectable amount of pyridoxine in the sample, SD could not be calculated.
The label of the product listed a plant that may contain small amounts of diosgenin as a constituent (ie, sample B was labeled as containing an extract of Smilax sieboldii while sample C was labeled as containing extracts from both saw palmetto and Tribulus terrestris).
Bioperine is a patented extract obtained from black pepper fruits containing at least 95% piperine.